How Clouds Form And Make Rain

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Cloud formation and rain are part of the water cycle — the continuous journey water takes from the ground up into the sky and back down again. It begins when heat from the sun warms water in puddles, drains, rivers and the sea, turning it into an invisible gas called water vapour. This process is called evaporation.

As the vapour rises, the surrounding air grows colder. High up, the cold makes the vapour condense back into tiny water droplets that gather around specks of dust. Millions of these droplets clustered together form a cloud. When the droplets keep bumping and joining, they grow into bigger, heavier drops. Once a drop becomes too heavy for the air to hold, gravity pulls it down as rain.

The key ideas a learner grasps are the four stages — evaporation, rising and cooling, condensation into clouds, and rain — and the role of heat, temperature and gravity. In rainy Singapore, it explains the afternoon storms children see almost every day.

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Frequently asked questions

How do clouds form?
Clouds form when warm water vapour rises into colder air high above the ground. The cold makes the vapour condense into tiny water droplets around specks of dust, and millions of these droplets together make a cloud.
Why does it rain?
Inside a cloud, tiny droplets bump into each other and join to make bigger drops. When a drop becomes too heavy for the air to hold it up, gravity pulls it down to the ground as rain.
What are the four steps of the water cycle in this skill?
First the sun warms water into vapour (evaporation), then the vapour rises and cools, next the cooling forms a cloud (condensation), and finally heavy drops fall as rain. The water then collects and the cycle repeats.
What is water vapour?
Water vapour is water in the form of an invisible gas. It is made when the sun heats liquid water enough that it turns into gas and floats up into the air.
Why does Singapore get so much rain?
Singapore is hot and surrounded by sea, so the strong sun evaporates a lot of water into the air every day. All that vapour cools and condenses into heavy clouds, which is why afternoon downpours are so common.

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