Question 1

Which of the following correctly shows the functions of a stem?
A: make food for the plant
B: absorb water and mineral salts
C: support the leaves to receive more sunlight
D: transport food and water to other parts of the plant

Accepted Answer

C. C and D. The stem supports the leaves so they receive sunlight (C) and transports food and water to other parts of the plant (D). Making food (A) is done by leaves, and absorbing water/mineral salts (B) is done by roots.

Question 2

The diagram below shows the plant transport system. The arrows represent substances being transported. Which of the following correctly represents the arrows and parts Y and Z?

Accepted Answer

A. → water, ⇠ food, Part Y root, Part Z leaf. Water travels upward from the roots (Part Y) through the stem to the leaves (Part Z) — represented by the solid arrows. Food made in the leaves travels downward to the rest of the plant — represented by the dashed arrows. So solid arrow = water, dashed arrow = food, Y = root, Z = leaf.

Question 3

Which of the following materials are transported by the human circulatory system?
A water
B oxygen
C digested food
D carbon dioxide

Accepted Answer

D. A, B, C and D. The human circulatory system transports all four substances around the body — water, oxygen, digested food, and waste carbon dioxide — via the blood.

Question 4

The following diagram shows the respiratory system of a human. Which of the following performs a similar function to part X?
A: fish gills
B: tiny openings on a leaf
C: human heart

Accepted Answer

C. A and B only. Part X labels the lungs, which exchange gases (take in oxygen, release carbon dioxide). Fish gills (A) perform gas exchange in fish, and the tiny openings (stomata) on a leaf (B) perform gas exchange in plants. The human heart (C) pumps blood — it does not exchange gases.

Question 5

The diagram below shows some fruits growing on a plant. The fruit stores water and food made by the leaves. Kiara made a cut at part A of the plant as shown below. After two weeks, she noticed that fruit X did not grow as big as fruit Y. Which of the following shows the tubes left at part A after the cut? (Key: ✓ = Yes, X = No)

Accepted Answer

A. Water-carrying tube ✓, Food-carrying tube X. Fruit X stayed small but did not die, meaning water still reached it (water-carrying tube intact) but food from the leaves did not (food-carrying tube cut). Therefore at part A, the water-carrying tube was left (✓) and the food-carrying tube was removed (X).

Question 6

Xue Le cut the stem of a celery and placed it in two containers. One container had red-coloured water and the other had blue-coloured water as shown in the diagram below. She left the celery stalk in the containers for three days. After three days, a cut was made at parts X and Y. Which of the following correctly shows the colour at parts X and Y?

Accepted Answer

B. Part X: red only, Part Y: blue and red. Part X is the lower stem branch sitting in red-coloured water — only red water travels up through it. Part Y is higher up in the main stem where both branches join, so it carries both the red water (from the X branch) and the blue water (from the other branch). Therefore X = red only, Y = blue and red.

Question 7

The same type of plant was placed into containers, A, B, and C as shown below. Each container was filled with 100ml of water. The set-ups were placed next to a window for three days. The following table shows the amount of water left in each container at the end of the three days. Which of the following conclusions can be made from this experiment?

Accepted Answer

B. As the number of leaves in the plant increases, the amount of water taken in by the plant increases.. Set-up A (leafy plant) had 80ml left (20ml taken). Set-up B (no leaves, just stem) had 100ml left (0ml taken). Set-up C (more leaves) had 50ml left (50ml taken). More leaves = more water taken in, showing leaves drive water uptake through transpiration.

Question 8

A family was stuck in a lift that broke down. There was no window in the lift so no fresh air could enter the lift and no air could escape. Which of the following shows the change in the amount of gas in the lift after 5 minutes?

Accepted Answer

A. Nitrogen: no change, Oxygen: decrease, Carbon dioxide: increase, Water vapour: increase. The family breathes in oxygen and breathes out carbon dioxide and water vapour. Nitrogen is not used by the body so it stays the same. Therefore oxygen decreases, carbon dioxide increases, water vapour increases, and nitrogen is unchanged.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the plant transport system and the human circulatory system are correct?

Accepted Answer

D. Plant: Substances are carried in water-carrying and food-carrying tubes. / Human: Substances are carried in the blood vessels.. In plants, water and food are transported in two specialised tubes (xylem and phloem). In humans, all substances are transported in blood vessels. The other options are wrong: plants take in water through roots (not leaves), and water + food are both transported in plants (not just food).

Question 10

Which of the following is/are part(s) of an animal cell?
A: nucleus
B: cytoplasm
C: cell membrane

Accepted Answer

D. A, B and C. An animal cell has a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane (but no cell wall and no chloroplasts). All three are parts of an animal cell.

Question 11

The diagrams below show cell X, organism A and organism B. Which organism(s), A or B, does cell X belong to and what is the function of part P?

Accepted Answer

A. Organism(s): A only, Function of P: gives the cell its shape. Cell X has chloroplasts (small oval shapes) and a clearly drawn cell wall (Part P), which means it is a plant cell. Organism A is a flowering plant, so cell X belongs to A only. The cell wall (Part P) gives the cell its shape and structural support.

Question 12

The diagram below shows how blood flows through our body. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

C. The blood at A contains less carbon dioxide than the blood at B.. A is the blood vessel from the heart to the lungs (deoxygenated, high CO₂). B is from the lungs back to the heart (oxygenated, low CO₂). Therefore blood at A contains MORE carbon dioxide than at B — the statement says less, so it is incorrect.

Question 13

Study the flow chart below. Which of the following best represents A, B, and C? (Flow: Does it have a cell wall? No → A; Yes → Does it have chloroplasts? No → B; Yes → C)

Accepted Answer

A. A: skin cell, B: root cell, C: leaf cell. A has no cell wall → animal cell → skin cell. B has a cell wall but no chloroplasts → plant cell that does not photosynthesise → root cell. C has a cell wall and chloroplasts → photosynthesising plant cell → leaf cell.

Question 14

George placed a plant in a beaker of blue-coloured water. After two days, he cut the stem of the plant. The cross section of the stem is shown below. Why did tube Y of the stem turn blue?

Accepted Answer

B. It transports water from the roots to all parts of the plant.. Tube Y is the water-carrying tube (xylem). It absorbed the blue-coloured water from the roots and transported it up to the rest of the plant, which is why it turned blue.

P5 Science SA1 2023 — Red Swastika

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