Question 1

The diagram below shows an adult butterfly and mosquito. Which of the following statements are true? A: Both animals have a 4-stage life cycle. B: Both animals have the nymph stage. C: Both animals have young which do not look like the adults. D: Both animals have young which live in water.

Accepted Answer

A. A and B only. Both butterflies and mosquitoes undergo complete metamorphosis with a 4-stage life cycle (egg, larva, pupa, adult). Their young (larva/caterpillar and mosquito larva) do not look like the adults. However, butterfly young (caterpillars) do not live in water, only mosquito larvae do. Neither has a nymph stage. So only A and C are true.

Question 2

The diagram below shows a seedling. Which one of the following is true? (1) As the mass of A gets larger, the mass of C gets smaller. (2) As the mass of A gets larger, the mass of B gets smaller. (3) As the mass of C gets larger, the mass of D gets smaller. (4) As the mass of D gets larger, the mass of A gets smaller.

Accepted Answer

B. As the mass of A gets larger, the mass of B gets smaller.. In a seedling, A is the first leaves (developing shoot/leaves), B is the cotyledon (food store / seed leaves), C is the stem and D is the roots. As the seedling grows, the leaves (A) get larger and use up the food stored in the cotyledon (B), so the mass of B gets smaller.

Question 3

The diagram below shows the different stages of a flowering plant. In which stage(s) is/are the plant able to reproduce?

Accepted Answer

C. C and D only. A is a seed and B is a germinating seedling — neither can reproduce. C shows a mature plant with a flower (capable of sexual reproduction) and D shows a plant with fruit (containing seeds, the result of reproduction). So both C and D are stages at which the plant can reproduce.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not correct? (1) The egg is produced in the ovary. (2) The sperm is produced in the testis. (3) The fertilised egg develops in the ovary. (4) The fusion of the sperm and egg results in a fertilised egg.

Accepted Answer

C. The fertilised egg develops in the ovary.. The fertilised egg does not develop in the ovary — it develops in the uterus (womb) after travelling down the fallopian tube. The other statements are all correct.

Question 5

Which of the following is a form of matter? (1) Air (2) Heat (3) Light (4) Thunder

Accepted Answer

A. Air. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Air is a gas, which has mass and takes up space, so it is matter. Heat, light and thunder are forms of energy, not matter.

Question 6

The diagram below shows a cup of tea with jelly. Which of the following options shows the states of matter that can be found in the glass of tea with jelly?

Accepted Answer

D. Solid: Yes, Liquid: Yes, Gas: Yes. The cup, lid, straw and jelly are solids; the tea is a liquid; and air (a gas) is present in the space above the tea and inside the straw. All three states of matter are present.

Question 7

Which of the following is a way to conserve electricity? (1) Taking short showers instead of long baths. (2) Setting the air conditioner to 20°C each time. (3) Turning on the TV and the radio at the same time. (4) Turning on the fan instead of the air conditioner on a cool day.

Accepted Answer

D. Turning on the fan instead of the air conditioner on a cool day.. A fan uses much less electricity than an air conditioner, so using the fan instead on a cool day conserves electricity. Short showers conserve water (not directly electricity), low air-con settings and using multiple appliances simultaneously use more electricity.

Question 8

Study the circuit below carefully. Which of the options below shows the correct number of bulb that are turned on when the respective switches are closed or opened?

Accepted Answer

C. Switch A: Closed, Switch B: Closed, Switch C: Closed, Switch D: Open — 0 bulbs on. The circuit has a battery with three bulbs in parallel branches controlled by switches A, B, C and D. Closing A, B and C with D open short-circuits the bulbs through switches A and C (no resistance path) so no bulb lights up — 0 bulbs on, matching option (3).

Question 9

Some friends discussed why they can see a lit candle in a dark room. Sam: We can see the lit candle because light from our eyes is reflected onto the candle. Donny: We can see the lit candle because it is a source of light. Tom: Although the lit candle is not a source of light, we can see it as it reflects light from outside into our eyes. Linda: Light from the lit candle goes into our eyes, so we can see the lit candle. Who is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

B. Donny and Linda only. A lit candle is a source of light. Light from the candle travels into our eyes, allowing us to see it. So Donny and Linda are correct. Sam is wrong because eyes do not emit light. Tom is wrong because a lit candle IS a source of light.

Question 10

Four sheets made of different materials are placed in a straight line. A torch was turned on and a bright patch of light could be seen on sheet C. Which of the following statements must be correct? (1) A could be made of wood. (2) B could be made of ceramic. (3) C could be made of metal. (4) D could be made of rubber.

Accepted Answer

C. C could be made of metal.. Since light from the torch reached and lit up sheet C, sheets A and B must be transparent (light passed through them). C must be opaque (light hits it and forms a bright patch). Metal is opaque, so C could be made of metal. Wood, ceramic and rubber are all opaque, so A and B cannot be those materials.

Question 11

Study the setup below carefully. A pyramid made of clear glass was hung below a lamp as shown. Which of the following would be formed on the floor by the pyramid?

Accepted Answer

D. An unfilled square outline. Since the pyramid is made of clear (transparent) glass, light passes through it. The edges/frame of the pyramid block some light, casting only a thin outline shadow. As the pyramid is square-based, the outline on the floor is a square (unfilled).

Question 12

The diagram below shows a frying pan. Which part of the frying pan would be made from a poor conductor of heat? (1) W (2) X (3) Y (4) Z

Accepted Answer

C. Y. The handle of a frying pan (labelled Y) is the part the user holds and must be made of a poor conductor of heat (e.g. plastic or wood) so that heat does not transfer to the hand. The pan body (W, X, Z) must be a good conductor of heat for cooking.

Question 13

Alan was going to the cinema. His mother told him to wear a jacket as it would be very cold in the cinema. How can wearing a jacket keep Alan warm? (1) Alan gained heat from the jacket as it is a source of heat. (2) Alan lost more heat to the jacket as it is a poor conductor of heat. (3) The jacket caused Alan to lose less heat to the surroundings in the cinema. (4) The jacket caused Alan to gain more heat from surroundings in the cinema.

Accepted Answer

C. The jacket caused Alan to lose less heat to the surroundings in the cinema.. A jacket is a poor conductor of heat. It traps body heat and reduces heat loss from the warmer body to the cooler surroundings, so Alan stays warm. A jacket is not a source of heat.

Question 14

Four drops of wax, W, X, Y and Z, of the same size were placed on a pole made up of wood and metal as shown in the diagram below. A burning candle was placed in the centre of the pole. Which of the following shows the correct order in which the four drops of wax will melt, starting from the fastest? (1) W, X, Y, Z (2) Y, Z, X, W (3) Z, W, X, Y (4) Y, X, Z, W

Accepted Answer

B. Y, Z, X, W. Metal is a good conductor of heat while wood is a poor conductor. The candle is at the centre between the two halves. On the metal side (Y at 10 cm, Z at 15 cm), heat is conducted quickly so Y melts first, then Z. On the wood side (X at 15 cm, W at 25 cm), heat travels slowly so X melts before W. Order: Y, Z, X, W.

P5 Science CA2 2023 — Red Swastika

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