Question 1

Which statement shows the similarity between non-flowering plants and fungi?

Accepted Answer

C. Both reproduce by spores.. Non-flowering plants such as ferns and mosses reproduce by spores, and so do fungi. Non-flowering plants can make their own food by photosynthesis (so A is wrong), they need light to grow (B wrong), and all living things respond to changes (D wrong).

Question 2

Study the animals below. Which of the animals are insects?

Accepted Answer

D. B, C and D only. Insects have 6 legs and 3 body parts. Animal A is a spider (8 legs, arachnid — not insect). Animals B, C and D are insects. So the answer is B, C and D only.

Question 3

The diagram below shows the life cycles of a chicken and a frog. Based on the life cycles above, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

D. The life cycle of a frog has a larval stage but not the life cycle of a chicken.. The frog has a tadpole (larval) stage between egg and adult, while the chicken does not have a larval stage — it goes egg → chick → adult. A is wrong (frog has 3 visible stages but the tadpole is a larval stage). B — life cycles don't really 'start' anywhere because they are cycles. C — there is no information about duration.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A. All cells have a cell membrane.. All cells, both plant and animal, have a cell membrane. The cell (not the nucleus) is the smallest unit of life. Both plants and animals are made of cells. Larger animals have MORE cells, not bigger cells.

Question 5

The picture below shows a cell. Which part of the cell uses sunlight to make food?

Accepted Answer

D. Z. The chloroplast is the cell part that uses sunlight to make food. In the diagram, W is the nucleus (dark centre), X is the cell wall (outer rectangular boundary), Y is the cell membrane (inner boundary), and Z labels the chloroplasts (small oval bodies in the cytoplasm).

Question 6

A process in human reproduction is as shown. Which statement about human reproduction is correct?

Accepted Answer

D. Fusion of a sperm and an egg results in a fertilised egg.. Fertilisation is the fusion of the male sex cell (sperm) and the female sex cell (egg) to form a fertilised egg (zygote). Pollination is for plants (A wrong). Sperm is produced in the testes (B wrong). The ovary produces eggs, not fertilised eggs (C wrong).

Question 7

Study the flow chart below. Which of the following correctly identifies processes A and B and X and Y?

Accepted Answer

B. Process A: pollination, Process B: fertilisation, X: fruit, Y: seed. Pollen grain transferred to the female reproductive part = pollination (Process A). After pollination, fertilisation occurs (Process B). After fertilisation, the ovary develops into the fruit (X) and the ovule develops into the seed (Y).

Question 8

Two metal blocks, A and B, of different temperatures are in contact with each other. Heat flows from A to B. Which statement explains why heat flows from A to B?

Accepted Answer

B. A is at a higher temperature than B.. Heat always flows from an object at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature. Since heat flows from A to B, A must be at a higher temperature than B. Mass and conductivity do not determine the direction of heat flow.

Question 9

A solid cube is placed in a measuring cylinder filled with some water. What is the volume of the cube?

Accepted Answer

B. 18 cm³. Volume of cube = Final water level − Initial water level = 30 ml − 12 ml = 18 ml = 18 cm³.

Question 10

Hai Seng boiled the same amount of water in two similar kettles, P and Q, made of different materials. He measured the temperature of the water in the two kettles over 20 minutes and recorded his results in a graph below. Based on the graph, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A. The temperature of water increased faster in P.. Both kettles start at 30 °C. After 20 minutes, P reaches 100 °C while Q only reaches 86 °C, so the temperature in P increased faster, meaning P's material is the better heat conductor. B is wrong (same starting temperature), C is wrong (P is the better conductor), and D is wrong (the water in Q was simply not heated up to boiling in the time given).

Question 11

An ice cube was taken out of the freezer and left on a table top until it had completely melted. Which of the following graphs shows how the temperature of the ice cube changed with time?

Accepted Answer

B. Graph 2 — temperature stays low (below 0), then rises and plateaus. An ice cube from the freezer is below 0 °C. When placed on a table it first warms up to 0 °C (rising line), then stays at 0 °C while it melts (horizontal plateau), and only then would the water continue to warm up. Graph 2 best matches: a low flat start, then rise, then plateau as melting occurs. Graphs 3 and 4 show decreasing temperatures, which is wrong. Graph 1 starts at 0 °C which is incorrect for ice taken out of a freezer.

Question 12

The diagram below shows the water cycle. In which of the stage(s) does water exist in the liquid state?

Accepted Answer

D. rain, water bodies and clouds only. Rain is liquid water falling from the sky. Water bodies (seas, rivers, lakes) hold liquid water. Clouds are made of tiny liquid water droplets (condensed water vapour). Water vapour is a gas. So water is in liquid state in rain, water bodies and clouds.

Question 13

Four identical cups, A, B, C and D, are filled with the same amount of water at different temperatures. They are placed in rooms of different temperatures as shown in the table below. Which cup will have the most water droplets on its outer surface after 30 seconds?

Accepted Answer

D. D. Water droplets form on the OUTSIDE of a cup when warm water vapour in the surrounding air condenses on a cooler outer surface. The greatest condensation occurs when the difference between the surrounding air temperature and the cup's outer surface temperature is largest, AND the cup outer surface is cooler than the surroundings. Cup D has water at 10 °C in a 28 °C room — biggest difference with the cup surface coldest, so the most droplets form on its outer surface.

Question 14

The table below shows the state of four different substances, W, X, Y and Z, at different temperatures. Which substance has the highest melting point?

Accepted Answer

B. X. Melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid. W is liquid at 30 °C and 50 °C, so its melting point is below 30 °C. X is solid at 30 °C AND 50 °C, only becoming gas (so it melted then boiled) by 110 °C — its melting point is between 50 °C and 110 °C, the highest of all four. Y is solid at 30 °C and liquid at 50 °C, so melting point is between 30 °C and 50 °C. Z is liquid at 30 °C, so melting point is below 30 °C. X has the highest melting point.

P5 Science CA2 2023 — Maris Stella High

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