Question 1

The diagram below shows the reproductive system of plants. Which part of the plant reproductive system perform the similar function as the testes of the human reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

B. B. The testes in the human reproductive system produce sperms (male reproductive cells). In a flower, the anther (part B in the diagram, located at the top of the stamen) produces pollen grains, which contain the male reproductive cells. Therefore, B (anther) performs the similar function as the testes.

Question 2

The diagram below shows the stages of growth of a flowering plant, represented by the letters W, X, Y and Z. At which stage of growth of the plant do the processes, fertilisation and germination take place?

Accepted Answer

C. fertilisation: X, germination: Z. The life cycle shown is: seedling → W → plant with flowers → X → plant with fruits → Y → seed → Z → seedling. Fertilisation occurs after pollination (when flower develops into fruit), so it takes place at stage X. Germination is when a seed grows into a seedling, so it takes place at stage Z.

Question 3

The table shows the freezing points and boiling points of two substances, E and F. Which are the correct states of substances E and F at 90°C?

Accepted Answer

B. E: solid, F: gas. Substance E has freezing point 120°C and boiling point 200°C. At 90°C (which is below its freezing point of 120°C), E is a solid. Substance F has freezing point 10°C and boiling point 80°C. At 90°C (which is above its boiling point of 80°C), F is a gas. So E is solid and F is gas.

Question 4

An ice cube was taken from the freezer and placed on a table to melt at room temperature. Which of the following shows how heat flowed during melting of ice and after the ice had completely melted?

Accepted Answer

C. when melting: from surroundings to ice; after melted: from surroundings to water. Heat always flows from a hotter object to a cooler object. When the ice (0°C) was melting, the surroundings (room temperature) were warmer, so heat flowed from the surroundings to the ice. After the ice melted, the water was still cooler than the surroundings, so heat continued to flow from the surroundings to the water until the water reached room temperature.

Question 5

An experiment was carried out to find out the conditions required for seeds to germinate. Four set-ups, with each set-up containing 10 seeds, were prepared. Each set-up was exposed to different conditions. The observations were made after a few days and recorded in the table below. Based on the observations above, which of the set-ups show correctly the conditions that the seeds were exposed to?

Accepted Answer

D. C and D only. Seeds need water and warmth to germinate; light is not required. Set-up A had water and warmth but 0 germinated — inconsistent (should have germinated). Set-up B had light and warmth (no water) but all 10 germinated — inconsistent (should not have germinated without water). Set-up C had water and light (no warmth) and 0 germinated — consistent (warmth was missing). Set-up D had water, light and warmth, and all 10 germinated — consistent. So C and D are the correctly-shown set-ups.

Question 6

Two identical glass beakers containing 100 ml water at different temperatures were weighed on a digital scale. They were left in the same location at room temperature. The volume of water remaining in each beaker and its mass were measured after 10 minutes. The results are shown below. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

B. The value of Q is less than 146.. Beaker Y lost more water (100 → 97.5 ml, i.e. 2.5 ml) than beaker X (100 → 99.8 ml, i.e. 0.2 ml), so Y must have been hotter — R > 5 (statement 1 correct). Y evaporated more (statement 4 correct). Both measured after 10 minutes (statement 3 correct). Beaker X started cold (5°C), so water vapour from the surrounding warmer air would condense on its outer surface, adding to its mass. So mass Q of beaker X would be greater than 146 g, not less. Statement (2) is NOT correct.

Question 7

Matthew wanted to find out how a factor affects the rate of evaporation. He soaked three similar towels in equal amounts of water and prepared the following set-ups X, Y and Z. The towels were hung as shown below in the same room. Based on the experiment above, which factor was Matthew testing to see how it affects the rate of evaporation?

Accepted Answer

C. exposed surface area. All three set-ups are in the same room (same temperature, same wind/airflow), and the towels are identical with equal amounts of water (same water temperature). The only variable that changes between Set-up X (spread out), Y (folded once) and Z (folded twice) is how much of the towel's surface is exposed to the air. So the factor being tested is the exposed surface area.

Question 8

Five identical beakers, M, N, P, Q and R, were filled with different volume of water and heated to different temperature. John wanted to carry out two experiments using these beakers of water to find out how the amount of heat in the water is affected by: Experiment A: its volume; Experiment B: its temperature. Which beakers should he use to conduct the experiments?

Accepted Answer

B. Experiment A: N and Q; Experiment B: M, P and Q. Experiment A (volume): must keep temperature constant and vary volume. Beakers N (50°C) and Q (50°C) share the same temperature but contain different volumes, so they are the correct pair. Experiment B (temperature): must keep volume constant and vary temperature. Beakers M (70°C), P (40°C) and Q (50°C) all have the same volume of water but different temperatures, so they are the correct set. Therefore option (2) is correct.

P5 Science CA1 2025 — Maha Bodhi

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