How Your Heart Pumps Blood

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Your heart is a fist-sized muscle in the middle of your chest, tilted slightly to the left, that pumps blood around your body without ever taking a break. It is divided into four hollow rooms called chambers — two on top (the atria) and two on the bottom (the ventricles) — and each heartbeat is a squeeze that pushes blood out, followed by a relax that lets it fill up again. That squeeze-and-relax makes the familiar 'lub-dub' sound.

Blood travels in a continuous loop, a bit like cars going round a racetrack. It collects oxygen from the lungs, gets pumped out to the rest of the body, drops off oxygen and food at every cell, then returns to the heart to start again. Along the way it also carries away waste the cells don't need.

Understanding the heart helps children make sense of why they have a pulse, why exercise makes the heart beat faster, and how the circulatory system keeps the whole body alive — a core idea in primary science.

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Frequently asked questions

How big is a child's heart?
A heart is roughly the same size as the person's own clenched fist, so a child's heart is smaller than an adult's. It sits in the middle of the chest, leaning a little towards the left.
Why does a heartbeat go 'lub-dub'?
The 'lub-dub' is the sound of the heart's valves snapping shut as the muscle squeezes and then relaxes. One full 'lub-dub' is a single heartbeat that pushes blood out and then lets the heart fill again.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
The heart has four rooms called chambers: two on top (the left and right atria) that receive blood, and two on the bottom (the left and right ventricles) that pump blood out. Working together, they keep blood flowing in the right direction.
Why does blood travel around the body?
Blood works like a delivery truck, carrying oxygen and food (nutrients) to every cell and taking away waste the cells don't need. Without this constant delivery, the body's cells could not stay alive and healthy.
What is a pulse and where can you feel it?
A pulse is the little push you feel each time the heart squeezes and sends blood through your blood vessels. You can usually feel it on the inside of your wrist or on the side of your neck.

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