Question 1

Study the flowchart below. Which row correctly identifies E, F and G?

Accepted Answer

4. E: music, F: pencil, G: oxygen. The flowchart classifies matter. Matter must occupy space and have mass. Music does not occupy space and has no mass, so E = music. Among matter, things that can be compressed are gases, and those that cannot are solids/liquids. Pencil (solid) cannot be compressed → G = pencil... wait: Yes branch from 'Can it be compressed?' goes to G, meaning G can be compressed = oxygen (gas). 'No' from compression goes to F = pencil (solid). Therefore E = music, F = pencil, G = oxygen.

Question 2

Mary poured 42ml of water into a measuring cylinder. Which of the following shows the correct volume of water?

Accepted Answer

3. Measuring cylinder showing water level at 42 ml read at eye level with the bottom of the meniscus. To read the volume of liquid in a measuring cylinder correctly, the eye must be at the same level as the bottom of the meniscus, and the reading taken at the bottom of the meniscus. Option (3) shows the correct reading position for 42 ml.

Question 3

Julie pumped some air into a balloon. She then twisted the balloon to make a balloon animal. Based on the above observations, which of the following statements about the property of air is/are correct?
A  Air has mass.
B  Air takes up space.
C  Air does not have a definite shape.

Accepted Answer

4. B and C only. Pumping air into the balloon inflates it, showing air takes up space (B). Twisting the balloon to form different shapes shows air does not have a definite shape (C). Mass of air is not demonstrated by this observation. Hence B and C only.

Question 4

Ali measured the mass of an empty box on an electronic balance as shown. The empty box weighed 10g. Ali then placed a deflated balloon into the box and measured the mass of the box containing the deflated balloon. Next, he inflated the balloon and placed it back into the box. He measured the mass of the box containing the inflated balloon as shown. Which of the following shows the correct mass of the box containing the deflated balloon and the box containing the inflated balloon?

Accepted Answer

1. Deflated: 12 g, Inflated: 13 g. Air has mass. Adding a deflated balloon adds the balloon's mass (small increase from 10 g to about 12 g). Inflating the balloon adds the mass of the air inside it, increasing the total further (from 12 g to 13 g). Hence (1) is correct.

Question 5

A stone was placed into a fish tank filled with water as shown. Which of the following shows the correct statement about the water in the fish tank after the stone was placed in it?

Accepted Answer

3. The water level in the fish tank changed.. The stone occupies space and displaces water in the tank. This causes the water level in the tank to rise. The mass of the water itself does not change, and water cannot be compressed.

Question 6

The diagram below shows an air-tight container which has a volume of 500 cm³. The airtight container has 100cm³ of water and 400cm³ of air in it as shown below. Using the pump, another 100 cm³ of water and 100 cm³ of air are added into the container. What is the final volume of air in the container?

Accepted Answer

2. 300cm³. Total container volume = 500 cm³. After adding 100 cm³ of water, total water = 200 cm³. The remaining space available for air = 500 − 200 = 300 cm³. Because air can be compressed, the added 100 cm³ of air fits into the 300 cm³ of remaining space, so the final volume of air = 300 cm³.

Question 7

Which of the following is a source of heat?

Accepted Answer

3. fire. A source of heat gives out heat to its surroundings. An ice cube is cold and gains heat, a thermometer only measures temperature, and an empty kettle by itself does not produce heat. Fire produces and gives off heat, so it is a source of heat.

Question 8

Carey took out a packet of cold milk from the fridge and placed it on the kitchen table. After 30 minutes, she touched the packet of milk and realised that it was not cold anymore. Which of the following statements best explains why the packet of milk was not cold after 30 minutes?

Accepted Answer

3. The packet of milk gained heat from the surrounding air.. Heat flows from a hotter object to a colder object. The surrounding air in the kitchen is warmer than the cold milk, so the milk gained heat from the surrounding air, causing its temperature to rise. 'Coldness' is not transferred — only heat is.

Question 9

A balloon was placed over the opening of a conical flask as shown below. The conical flask with balloon was placed in a container of hot water at 80 °C. One minute later, the balloon was observed to be inflated as shown. Which of the following best explains why the balloon was inflated?

Accepted Answer

4. The air in the conical flask gained heat from the hot water and expanded.. Heat from the hot water is transferred through the conical flask to the air inside. The air inside the conical flask gains heat and expands. The expanded air pushes into the balloon, inflating it.

Question 10

Fiona wanted to conduct an experiment to find out if the volume of water affects the rate of heat loss in the water. Which two beakers should Fiona use to conduct her experiment?

Accepted Answer

4. C and D. To test if the volume of water affects rate of heat loss, only the volume of water should be different while the starting temperature is kept constant (fair test). Beaker C (40 ml at 100 °C) and Beaker D (80 ml at 100 °C) have the same starting temperature but different volumes, so they form a fair comparison.

Question 11

Atiqah conducted an experiment to find out which material is the best to make a container that can keep cold drinks cold for the longest period of time. She poured equal volume of hot water at 80 °C into four similar containers W, X, Y and Z, made of different materials and left them in a room. She measured the temperature of water in each container for 10 minutes and recorded them in the graph below. Which material is the most suitable to make a container that can keep cold drinks cold for the longest period of time?

Accepted Answer

1. W. A good container for keeping cold drinks cold should be a poor conductor of heat — it should slow heat transfer in both directions. From the graph, container W loses heat the slowest (its hot water cools the least over 10 minutes), so material W is the best insulator. The same material that loses heat slowest from hot water will also gain heat slowest from the surroundings, keeping cold drinks cold the longest.

Question 12

Arnold heated a beaker containing some tap water using the set-up shown. He measured the temperature of the water using a thermometer every minute for 10 minutes. Which of the following graphs best represents the change in temperature of the water over time?

Accepted Answer

2. Temperature starts at a value above 0 °C (room/tap temperature) and rises in a straight line over 10 minutes.. Tap water starts at room temperature (not 0 °C). When heated by the bunsen burner, it gains heat continuously, so its temperature increases over time in roughly a straight line. The correct graph starts at a positive (room-temperature) value on the y-axis and rises.

P4 Science SA1 2025 — St Hildas

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