Question 1

Which of the following is a source of light?

Accepted Answer

A. Star. A star produces its own light through nuclear reactions, so it is a luminous source of light. A bag and a straw do not give off light. The Moon only reflects light from the Sun and does not produce its own.

Question 2

A person is standing in front of a mirror. Which of the following is correct about the mirror?

Accepted Answer

A. Does it reflect light? Yes / Does it give off light? No. A mirror is not a source of light, so it does not give off light. However, its smooth, shiny surface reflects light that falls on it, which is how we see images in it.

Question 3

The diagram below shows a ball placed between a torch and a screen. When the torch is turned on, a shadow appears on the screen. What will happen to the shadow if the lit torch was moved closer to the screen?

Accepted Answer

C. The shadow will become smaller.. Moving the torch closer to the screen means the torch is now further from the ball relative to its previous position, but since the ball stays in place and the screen stays in place, the light rays diverge less by the time they reach the ball, so the shadow cast on the screen becomes smaller.

Question 4

An old lady was walking home at night. She walked from position A to position B, and then to position C in a straight line under the lit lamp. Which graph best shows how the length of the old lady's shadow changed over time as she walked from positions A to C?

Accepted Answer

C. Bar graph showing tall shadow at A, very short shadow at B, tall shadow at C.. At position A the lady is far from the lamp so her shadow is long. At position B she is directly under the lamp so the shadow is very short. At position C she is past the lamp and moving away from it, so her shadow grows long again. This gives a tall-short-tall pattern.

Question 5

Ali has two objects, T and U, made of different materials as shown below. Ali then placed objects T and U between a lit torch and a screen as shown below. What can Ali conclude about objects T and U?

Accepted Answer

D. Object T does not allow light to pass through but object U allows light to pass through.. From the shadow on the screen, only the triangular outline (object T) appears as a dark shadow. Object U (the cube), placed in front of object T, does not produce a shadow on the screen, meaning light passes through U but not through T. Therefore T is opaque while U is transparent.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a poor conductor of heat?

Accepted Answer

D. Aluminum. Air, wool and plastic are all poor conductors (good insulators) of heat. Aluminium is a metal and is a good conductor of heat, so it is the one that is NOT a poor conductor.

Question 7

The diagram below shows beakers X and Y. Each beaker is filled with different volumes of water at 60 °C. Which of the following statements is true about the water in beakers X and Y?

Accepted Answer

B. The water in beaker X has more heat than beaker Y.. Both beakers contain water at the same temperature (60 °C). However, beaker X contains a larger volume of water than beaker Y. The greater the amount/volume of a substance at the same temperature, the more heat it contains. So the water in beaker X has more heat than the water in beaker Y.

Question 8

A thermometer was placed in a beaker of water as shown below. According to the thermometer, what is the temperature of the water in the beaker?

Accepted Answer

D. 82 °C. On the magnified view of the thermometer scale, the markings show 60 and 80, with each small division representing 1 °C. The top of the liquid column lies 2 divisions above the 80 mark, giving a reading of 82 °C.

Question 9

Jeremiah took out a cup of water from the refrigerator and placed it on the table for some time. Then he placed the cup of water back into the refrigerator for another few hours. Based on the above, which of the following graphs best represents the change in temperature of the water in the cup?

Accepted Answer

C. Temperature rises, plateaus at a high level, then falls.. Initially the water is cold from the refrigerator. When left on the table, the water gains heat from the warmer surroundings, so its temperature rises until it reaches room temperature (a plateau). When placed back in the refrigerator, the water loses heat to the colder surroundings, so its temperature drops again. The graph that rises, plateaus, then falls matches this story.

Question 10

Gaby set up the following experiment. What should Gaby do to make the black ink move towards container Y?

Accepted Answer

D. Put ice cubes into the water of container Y.. The black ink will move from the side where the air expands (gains heat) to the side where the air contracts (loses heat). To make the ink move towards container Y, the air in container Y must contract while the air in container X stays warmer/expands relative to Y. Putting ice cubes into the water of container Y will cool the air above it, causing that air to lose heat and contract, drawing the ink towards Y.

Question 11

Tom went to a restaurant and noticed that a heating lamp was used to keep food warm. The heating lamp was producing both heat and light. Tom can see the food because light is reflected from ____.

Accepted Answer

A. the food to his eyes.. We see non-luminous objects when light from a source falls on the object and is reflected off the object's surface into our eyes. So the food is seen because light from the heating lamp falls on the food and is reflected from the food into Tom's eyes.

Question 12

Tom placed the cold food under the heating lamp and returned to it an hour later. He noticed that the food had become warm. Which of the following best explains why the food became warm?

Accepted Answer

C. The food gained heat from the heating lamp.. Heat always moves from a hotter object to a colder object. The heating lamp is hotter than the cold food, so heat flows from the lamp to the food. 'Coldness' is not transferred — only heat is. The food therefore gained heat from the heating lamp and became warm.

P4 Science CA2 2025 — St Hildas

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