Question 1

In January 2022, Kim was given a puppy. The picture below shows the size of the dog in January 2025.
From her observation, Kim concluded that the dog is a living thing because it can

Accepted Answer

(1) grow. The dog significantly increased in size from 2022 to 2025, which is a clear indication of growth. Growth is a fundamental characteristic of living things.

Question 2

The diagram below shows a car.
Metal is used to make Part X because metal is

Accepted Answer

(2) strong. Part X represents the car body. Car bodies need to be strong to provide structural integrity and protection. Metal is chosen for its strength and durability.

Question 3

A, B and C are stages in the life cycle of a plant.
Which of the following shows the correct life cycle of the plant?

Accepted Answer

(1) A -> B -> C. Stage A represents a seed, stage B represents a young seedling, and stage C represents a mature plant. The life cycle of a plant typically progresses from a seed, germinating into a seedling, and then growing into a mature plant that produces new seeds, forming a cycle.

Question 4

Which animal has a pupa as a stage in its life cycle?

Accepted Answer

(2) beetle. A pupa stage is part of complete metamorphosis. Frogs undergo incomplete metamorphosis (tadpole stage), chickens hatch from eggs (no larval/pupa stage), and cockroaches undergo incomplete metamorphosis (nymph stage). Beetles, however, undergo complete metamorphosis, which includes an egg, larva, pupa, and adult stage.

Question 5

Which human system is shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

(3) digestive system. The diagram displays organs such as the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, which are all key components of the digestive system responsible for processing food.

Question 6

Which of the following part makes food for the plant?

Accepted Answer

(1). The diagram labels different parts of the plant. Part (1) points to the leaves. Leaves contain chlorophyll and are the primary sites for photosynthesis, the process by which plants make their own food. Parts (3) and (4) refer to the stem and roots respectively, which do not make food.

Question 7

Razi pumped air into the float shown in the diagram below.
More air can be pumped into the float even though it is already filled with air. This is because air

Accepted Answer

(4) does not have a fixed volume. Air is a gas, and gases do not have a fixed volume; they are compressible. This property allows more air molecules to be forced into a confined space, even if it already contains air, increasing the pressure and density.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a source of light?

Accepted Answer

(2) Moon. A source of light produces its own light. The Sun, a lighted torch, and a lighted candle all generate light. The Moon, however, does not produce its own light; it reflects light from the Sun.

Question 9

Warm water at 70°C is mixed with cold water at 10°C.
What is a possible final temperature of water in the beaker?

Accepted Answer

(3) 50°C. When two bodies of different temperatures are mixed, heat transfer occurs until thermal equilibrium is reached. The final temperature will always be between the initial temperatures of the two substances (10°C and 70°C). Among the given options, only 50°C falls within this range.

Question 10

The diagram shows how a magnet is brought near to a plastic bar.
What will happen to the plastic bar?

Accepted Answer

(2) It will not move.. Plastic is a non-magnetic material. Magnets only attract or repel magnetic materials (like iron, nickel, cobalt, or their alloys). Since plastic is not magnetic, the magnet will have no effect on it, and the plastic bar will not move.

Question 11

Study the chart below.
Which of the following correctly represents A, B, C and D?

Accepted Answer

(4) A: Birds, B: Penguin, C: Insects, D: Can fly. The chart classifies 'Animals'.
- If A is 'Birds', then 'Can Fly' (Crow) and 'Cannot Fly' (Penguin, B) fit under it.
- If C is 'Insects', then D is a characteristic or subgroup. A 'Cockroach' is an insect, and they can 'Can fly' (D).
This option provides a consistent and correct classification.

Question 12

The characteristics of animals X and Y can be seen in the table below.
A tick (✔) indicates that the characteristic is present.
Can animals X and Y be in the same animal group?

Accepted Answer

(3) No. Y has 3 body parts but X does not have 3 body parts.. Animal X (lays eggs, has wings, can swim) could be a bird like a duck. Animal Y (lays eggs, has 3 body parts) describes an insect. The presence of '3 body parts' (head, thorax, abdomen) is a defining characteristic of insects that is not shared by birds or other major animal groups. This fundamental structural difference makes it highly unlikely for X and Y to belong to the same animal group.

Question 13

Estelle planted some seeds in the soil. Which of the following would she observe first?

Accepted Answer

(2) The roots appeared.. During seed germination, the radicle (embryonic root) is typically the first part to emerge from the seed. This allows the seedling to anchor itself and begin absorbing water and nutrients from the soil, which are crucial for subsequent growth of the shoot (stem and leaves). Flowers appear much later in a plant's life cycle.

Question 14

The diagram below shows how a plant grows.
Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

(4) The plant can make food at stages B, C and D.. The diagram shows growth from a seed, not spores. Plants absorb water at all stages, not just A. Plants need air (oxygen for respiration, carbon dioxide for photosynthesis) at all stages. In stages B, C, and D, the plant has developed green leaves, which are capable of photosynthesis to make food.

Question 15

Study the flowchart below.
Which of the following could be animals A, B and C?

Accepted Answer

(1) A: mosquito, B: chicken, C: frog. The flowchart classifies animals:
- A: Has a 4-stage life cycle (e.g., mosquito, butterfly).
- B: Young looks like adult (but not 4-stage) (e.g., chicken, grasshopper).
- C: Young does not look like adult (and not 4-stage) (e.g., frog).
Option (1) correctly matches these criteria: Mosquito (4-stage), Chicken (young looks like adult), Frog (tadpole does not look like adult).

Question 16

Weilin studied the life cycle of an insect and recorded her results in the graph below.
Based on the results given in the graph above, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

(3) The total number of days in the insect's life cycle is 16 days.. Based on the bar chart:
- Egg stage: 2 days
- Larva stage: 8 days
- Pupa stage: 4 days
- Adult stage: 2 days
(1) The insect has 4 stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult), not 3. Incorrect.
(2) The insect became an adult after egg (2) + larva (8) + pupa (4) = 14 days, not on the 8th day. Incorrect.
(3) The total number of days in the observed life cycle is 2 + 8 + 4 + 2 = 16 days. Correct.
(4) The larva stage (8 days) is typically very active for feeding. Incorrect.

Question 17

Alan is running in the park. Which body systems are used in this activity?

Accepted Answer

(4) Respiratory, circulatory, muscular and skeletal system. Running is a strenuous activity that requires coordinated effort from multiple body systems:
- Muscular system for movement.
- Skeletal system for support and as levers for muscles.
- Respiratory system for gas exchange (taking in oxygen, expelling carbon dioxide).
- Circulatory system for transporting oxygen and nutrients to muscles and removing waste products.
All four systems are actively involved.

Question 18

Digestion takes place at the

Accepted Answer

(3) mouth, stomach and small intestine only. Digestion (the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food) begins in the mouth, continues in the stomach, and is completed in the small intestine. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and forms feces, with minimal digestive activity.

Question 19

The diagram below shows a plant.
The plant was cut off completely at Part C. What will happen to the remaining part of the plant?

Accepted Answer

(1) The remaining part will die as it cannot make food.. Part C labels the upper stem and leaves (the shoot system). If the plant is cut off completely at Part C, only the roots remain in the soil. Roots are responsible for absorbing water and minerals, but they do not perform photosynthesis to make food. Without the leaves (the food-making part), the roots will not receive the necessary food and will eventually die.

Question 20

The flow chart below classifies materials A, B, C and D.
Based on the flow chart above, which material(s) can be selected to make a cup?

Accepted Answer

(4) C and D only. A cup must be waterproof and strong enough to hold liquids. From the flowchart:
- A is not waterproof.
- B is waterproof but not strong.
- C is waterproof, strong, and not transparent (like a ceramic or opaque plastic cup).
- D is waterproof, strong, and transparent (like a glass or clear plastic cup).
Both C and D possess the necessary properties (waterproof and strong) to make a functional cup.

Question 21

Which of the following correctly matches the property of the material to its use?

Accepted Answer

(3) Rubber: To make rubber gloves as it is waterproof. (1) Wood is used for furniture because it is strong and durable, not flexible. (2) Glass is used for containers because it is transparent and non-reactive, not because it breaks easily. (3) Rubber is waterproof, making it suitable for gloves to protect hands from liquids. (4) Metal is used for ships because it is strong and durable, not because it is transparent.

Question 22

The diagram below shows a sealed 500ml container. There is 300ml of water inside the container.
100ml of water is pumped into the sealed container. What will be the final volume of water and air inside the container?

Accepted Answer

(3) Volume of water (ml): 400, Volume of air (ml): 100. Initially, water volume = 300ml. Container volume = 500ml. So, initial air volume = 500ml - 300ml = 200ml. When 100ml more water is pumped in, final water volume = 300ml + 100ml = 400ml. Since the container is sealed and its total volume is constant at 500ml, the final air volume = 500ml - 400ml = 100ml.

Question 23

Ashley placed two objects, J and K, on a balance as shown below.
She made the following statements:
A: J has a greater mass than K.
B: K has a greater volume than J.
C: Both J and K do not occupy space.
D: Both J and K do not have a definite volume.
Which of the statements above are true?

Accepted Answer

(1) A and B only. From the balance, the pan with J is lower, indicating J has a greater mass than K (Statement A is true). Visually, K appears larger than J, implying K has a greater volume than J (Statement B is true). All objects, including J and K, occupy space (Statement C is false). J and K are solids, and solids have a definite volume (Statement D is false). Thus, only statements A and B are true.

Question 24

The setup below shows how a steel nail can be turned into an electromagnet.
Mr Ang asked some students how the electromagnet can be made stronger. Four students responded as below:
Ali: Increase the number of batteries.
Brendon: Increase the number of coils around the nail.
Christine: Use a larger copper nail.
Dave: Turn the steel nail around.
Who are correct?

Accepted Answer

(2) Ali and Brendon only. To make an electromagnet stronger:
- Increasing the number of batteries increases the current flow, which strengthens the electromagnet (Ali is correct).
- Increasing the number of coils around the core concentrates the magnetic field, strengthening the electromagnet (Brendon is correct).
- Using a larger copper nail is incorrect because copper is not a ferromagnetic material suitable for an electromagnet core (Christine is incorrect).
- Turning the steel nail around does not affect the strength of the electromagnet (Dave is incorrect).

Question 25

Study the diagram below. Magnet A is being repelled by Magnet B.
Which of the following best describes the materials used to make magnets and the holder?

Accepted Answer

(3) Magnet A: Iron, Magnet B: Steel, Holder: Wood. For objects to be magnets, they must be made of ferromagnetic materials like iron or steel. Aluminium, copper, and wood are non-magnetic. Repulsion indicates both A and B are magnets. The holder should be a non-magnetic material to avoid interference. Option (3) correctly identifies iron and steel as magnetic materials for the magnets and wood as a suitable non-magnetic material for the holder.

Question 26

Farisya has a metal bali and a metal ring as shown below. The metal ball is unable to pass through the metal ring.
What could Farisya do to make the metal ball pass through the metal ring?

Accepted Answer

(1) Action: Heat the metal ring, Explanation: The metal ring expanded. To allow the metal ball to pass through the ring, the ring's opening needs to become larger. Most materials expand when heated. Therefore, heating the metal ring will cause it to expand, increasing the size of its opening, which will allow the ball to pass through.

Question 27

Scott poured some cold water into a glass cup. When he picked up the cup, he noticed that the cup felt cold.
Which of the following correctly explained Scott's observations?

Accepted Answer

(3) Hand: Lost heat to the glass, Glass: Lost heat to the cold water. When cold water is poured into the glass, the glass loses heat to the colder water (the water gains heat from the glass), making the glass cold. When Scott touches the cold glass, his warmer hand loses heat to the colder glass, making his hand feel cold.

Question 28

Elijah placed three ice cubes of the same size on three different materials, A, B and C. Each material was the same size and thickness. All three ice cubes and materials were then placed on a heating pad, which gave off heat.
The table below showed the results of the ice cubes after 5 minutes.
Which of the following shows the correct order of materials, from poorest conductor of heat to best conductor of heat?

Accepted Answer

(2) A -> C -> B. The time taken for the ice to melt indicates the rate of heat transfer through the material. A poorer conductor of heat will transfer heat slower, causing the ice to melt in a longer time. A better conductor will transfer heat faster, causing the ice to melt in a shorter time.
- Material A: 5 min (Longest time, poorest conductor)
- Material B: 2 min (Shortest time, best conductor)
- Material C: 3 min (Medium time, medium conductor)
Therefore, the order from poorest to best conductor is A, C, B.

Question 29

The experiment below was conducted in a dark room. The lamp was turned on and a shadow was seen as shown in the diagram. Study the diagram carefully and answer Questions 29 and 30.
Which of the following shows the material of the object and the screen?

Accepted Answer

(1) Material of object: metal, Material of screen: metal. A shadow is formed when an opaque object blocks light. Therefore, the object must be opaque. The shadow is cast on a screen, which must also be opaque or at least translucent to clearly display the shadow. Of the options, only metal is consistently opaque for both the object and screen, allowing a clear shadow to be formed and seen.

Question 30

How can the shadow of the object be made smaller?

Accepted Answer

(2) Move the object nearer to the screen.. To make a shadow smaller, you need to either move the object closer to the screen or move the light source further from the object. Moving the object nearer to the screen (Option 2) reduces the divergence of light rays around the object before hitting the screen, resulting in a smaller shadow.

P4 Science SA2 2025 — Red Swastika

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