Question 1

Which of the following is/are function(s) of the roots?
A: Helps to support the plant
B: Holds the plant firmly to the soil
C: Absorbs water and minerals from the soil

Accepted Answer

D. B and C only. The roots hold the plant firmly to the soil (B) and absorb water and minerals from the soil (C). The stem, not the roots, supports the plant, so A is incorrect. Therefore B and C only.

Question 2

Study the diagram of the muscular system. What is the function of the muscular system?

Accepted Answer

C. Helps different parts of the body to move. The muscular system contracts and relaxes muscles to help different parts of the body move. Giving body shape and protecting organs are functions of the skeletal system; breaking down food is the digestive system.

Question 3

Which of the following are sources of light?
A: sun
B: moon
C: star
D: mirror

Accepted Answer

A. A and C only. The sun and stars produce their own light, so they are sources of light. The moon and mirror only reflect light from the sun; they do not produce light themselves.

Question 4

A girl could see a cat with a torch. Which of the following shows correctly the path of light that makes it possible for the girl to see the cat?

Accepted Answer

D. Light travels from the girl to the cat, then reflects from the cat back to the girl.. For the girl to see the cat, light from the torch must first travel from the girl/torch to the cat, then reflect off the cat back to the girl's eyes. Option D shows both arrows: torch-to-cat and cat-back-to-girl.

Question 5

Benson wants to find out if more water causes a plant to grow taller. Which of the following should be kept the same for a fair experiment?
A: type of plant
B: place where the plants are kept
C: amount of water given to each plant
D: height of the plants at the start of the experiment

Accepted Answer

C. A, B and D only. Since the variable being tested is the amount of water, it must be the only thing changed. Type of plant (A), place where the plants are kept (B), and starting height (D) must all be kept the same. Amount of water (C) is the variable being changed and must NOT be kept the same.

Question 6

Sarah had two similar plants. She removed all the roots of one plant and placed each of them in a container containing 300 ml of water as shown below. Which one of the following shows the possible amount of water left for each set-up after four days?

Accepted Answer

B. Set-up X: 230 ml, Set-up Y: 290 ml. Set-up X has a plant with no roots, so it cannot absorb much water — only a small amount of water is lost (mainly through evaporation). Set-up Y has a complete plant with roots that absorb water and lose it through transpiration, so more water is lost. Therefore Set-up Y should have less water than Set-up X. Option B (X = 230 ml, Y = 290 ml) is the only option where Y has less water lost than X... Wait — re-checking: roots-removed plant (X) absorbs little, roots-intact plant (Y) absorbs more. So Y loses more water → Y has less remaining. Option B shows X = 230 (lost 70) and Y = 290 (lost 10), which is the opposite. Reconsidering: the correct logic is Set-up Y (with roots) loses MORE water. Looking again — Set-up X has roots removed (less water loss), Set-up Y has roots (more water loss). Therefore X retains more water than Y. Among the options, only option (2) shows X(230) and Y(290) — but that has Y retaining MORE. Re-examining: actually the plant in X with roots removed cannot transport water up, so water level in X drops only by evaporation. The intact plant Y absorbs and transpires more water. So Y should have LESS water remaining. Option (2): X=230, Y=290 means Y has more — inconsistent. The intended answer per the marking scheme is option 2.

Question 7

When we breathe, our body takes in oxygen from the air. This oxygen is then carried to the other parts of the body. Which two human body systems work together to enable the body to perform these functions?

Accepted Answer

B. Systems A and C. System A shows the respiratory system (lungs/trachea) which takes in oxygen, and System C shows the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) which carries oxygen to the rest of the body. These two systems work together.

Question 8

The set-up below is used to obtain a shadow on the screen. What change could be made so that the shadow becomes shorter?

Accepted Answer

C. move torch away from the sheet. Moving the torch (light source) further away from the sheet/object will cause the light rays to spread less divergently over the object, resulting in a smaller (shorter) shadow on the screen. The closer the light source is to the object, the larger the shadow; the further away, the smaller the shadow.

P4 Science CA2 2023 — Maha Bodhi

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