Question 1

The diagram shows a section through a stem. Which is the main transport function of tissue Q?

Accepted Answer

C. water, carried from roots, carried to leaves. Tissue Q is the shaded (inner) tissue of the stem cross-section, which is the xylem. Xylem transports water and mineral salts from the roots up to the leaves.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about dispersal is correct?

Accepted Answer

C. Seeds that are dispersed by animals can be edible or inedible.. Animal-dispersed seeds may be inside edible fruits (eaten and passed out) or have hooks that cling to fur (inedible). Dispersal is not limited to seed plants, not all seeds germinate, and transfer from anthers to stigmas is pollination, not dispersal.

Question 3

Jane had to classify the four animals shown (fish, bat, dragonfly nymph, frog). She classified them with the help of the chart. What were the two questions, A and B?

Accepted Answer

B. Question A: Do they breathe underwater? / Question B: Do they have gills?. At Question A the bat is separated (No) because the bat does not breathe underwater, while fish, dragonfly nymph and frog do. At Question B the frog is separated (No) because a frog does not have gills, while fish and dragonfly nymph do have gills.

Question 4

Study the diagram of the female reproductive system of a human. Which of the following occurs at Q?

Accepted Answer

A. Eggs are released.. Label Q points to the ovary. The ovary is where eggs are produced and released. Fertilisation occurs in the oviduct and the foetus develops in the uterus/womb.

Question 5

Study the life cycles of Animal X and Animal Y. Which of the statements is true of the life cycles shown above?

Accepted Answer

D. Both Animal X and Animal Y have the same number of stages in their life cycle.. Animal X is a frog (egg → tadpole → adult frog, 3 stages) and Animal Y is a grasshopper (egg → nymph → adult, 3 stages). Both life cycles have the same number of stages (three).

Question 6

Study the food chain: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake. Which of the following is definitely true about the food chain?

Accepted Answer

D. The grasshopper is an indirect source of food for the snake.. The snake does not eat the grasshopper directly; energy passes from grasshopper → frog → snake, so the grasshopper is an indirect food source for the snake. (The grasshopper is prey and predator only in some contexts, the snake gets energy from grass indirectly not the sun directly, and the frog eats only the grasshopper here.)

Question 7

Study the food web (organisms A, B, C and D belong to the same community). Which of the following food pyramids correctly shows the balanced food relationship, in terms of energy transfer, among the organisms above?

Accepted Answer

B. From top to bottom: B, D, C, A. From the food web, A is the producer (base, most energy), A is eaten by B and C, C is eaten by D, and D is eaten by B. This gives the order (base to top) A → C → D → B, so the pyramid from top to bottom is B, D, C, A.

Question 8

A new organism is introduced into the habitat. It also feeds on Organism C and has no predators. Which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

B. The population size of Organism D will decrease.. The new organism eats Organism C, so C decreases. Organism D also feeds on C, so with less C, Organism D's population will decrease.

Question 9

Shane carried out an experiment to study the decomposition of dead leaves. He placed some dead leaves in a container as shown and placed it in a cupboard. After 2 weeks, he noticed that no decomposition had taken place. What change should he make to the set up so that it will work?

Accepted Answer

A. Add some water.. Decomposers (microorganisms) need moisture/water to grow and break down dead material. The dry set-up had no water, so adding water would allow decomposition to take place.

Question 10

Jessica counted the number of different organisms in a tree and recorded the data in the table (Ant 25, Aphid 15, Mould 5, Spider 2, Butterfly 3, Caterpillar of butterfly 8). Based on the table above, which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

B. There is one community with 5 populations.. The butterfly and its caterpillar are the same species (one population), so there are 5 populations, not 6. All organisms live together in the tree, forming one community. So there is one community with 5 populations.

Question 11

Which of the following is a behavioural adaptation of the camels to survive in the desert?

Accepted Answer

C. Drink up to 200 litres of water in one day.. A behavioural adaptation is an action/behaviour rather than a physical body feature. Drinking large amounts of water in one day is a behaviour. The humps, eyelashes and padded feet are structural (physical) adaptations.

Question 12

The table below shows the characteristics of the environment found in 4 different habitats. In which of the habitats would centipedes, ants and earthworms, most likely be found?

Accepted Answer

A. Temperature: Moderate; Amount of water: Little; Amount of light: Very little most of the time. Centipedes, ants and earthworms live in soil/under leaf litter — a habitat with moderate temperature, little water and very little light most of the time. This matches option (1)/A.

Question 13

Some inventions of Man imitate the adaptations of animals. Scuba divers control their position in the water by breathing in air from the air tank and breathing out. They breathe in to go higher in the water and breathe out to go lower in the water. Which animal did Man get the idea of using air tank to help him to go higher or sink lower in the water?

Accepted Answer

B. Goldfish. A goldfish (fish) has a swim bladder filled with gas. By adjusting the amount of air in the swim bladder it rises or sinks in water — the same principle as a scuba diver using an air tank.

Question 14

Joyce set up an experiment. She wrapped 3 similar leaves, Leaf B, Leaf C and Leaf D, in different types of bags as shown. The bags were of the same size and thickness. She left the plant in the open for several hours. Which of the following shows the correct order of the amount of starch found in each leaf after several hours?

Accepted Answer

C. Greatest to least: C, A, B, D. Photosynthesis (making starch) needs light, water/air (carbon dioxide). Leaf A is uncovered (light + air) and Leaf C is in a clear bag with holes (light + air) — both photosynthesise well; the clear bag with holes gives most because it retains moisture while still admitting light and CO2, so C > A. Leaf B is in a black bag with holes (air but no light) and Leaf D is in a black bag with no light and no air holes — least starch. Order: C, A, B, D.

Question 15

Albert took a sample of the air breathed out during his exercise. The table below shows the percentage composition of four samples of air. Which is the sample which Albert had taken to test the percentage composition?

Accepted Answer

C. Sample 3: Carbon dioxide 4, Nitrogen 78, Oxygen 15, Water Vapour 3. Exhaled air (compared with normal air) has more carbon dioxide, less oxygen, and more water vapour, while nitrogen stays about the same (78%). Sample 3 shows CO2 up to 4%, oxygen down to 15%, water vapour up to 3%, nitrogen 78% — matching exhaled air.

Question 16

Sam had a sandwich for lunch. The graph below shows how the amount of undigested food changes in his digestive system after lunch. A, B, C, D and E are parts of his digestive system. Based on the graph above, at which part of the digestive system was most food digested?

Accepted Answer

C. D. The steepest drop (greatest decrease) in the amount of undigested food occurs over region D on the graph, meaning the most food was digested there (the small intestine).

Question 17

Shaun wanted to carry out an investigation. At the beginning, he took his pulse rate and breathing rate. Then he exercised vigorously for five minutes. Finally, he recorded his pulse rate and breathing rate for the subsequent five minutes at a one-minute interval in the table below. What do you think is Shaun's aim for this investigation?
A: To find out how exercise affects his pulse and breathing rates.
B: To compare his pulse rate with his breathing rate after an exercise.
C: To show that his pulse and breathing rates begin and end with the same values.
D: To show that his pulse rate increases faster than his breathing rate after his exercise.

Accepted Answer

A. A only. The investigation records pulse and breathing rates before and after exercise over time, so its aim is to find out how exercise affects his pulse and breathing rates (A only). The other statements describe observations/comparisons rather than the aim.

Question 18

Michelle conducted an experiment on the loss of water through leaves. She plucked 4 similar leaves, A, B, C and D, and recorded their initial mass. She then coated 3 of the leaves with oil (as specified in the table below) and allowed all the 4 leaves to hang in the open for a day. Finally, she recorded the final mass of the leaves. The graph below shows the amount of water loss by the four leaves A, B, C and D. Which one of the line graphs best represents Leaf B?

Accepted Answer

D. Line (4). Leaf B has both upper and lower surfaces coated with oil, so its stomata are almost completely blocked. It loses the least water, represented by the line with the smallest gradient (the lowest line), which is line (4).

Question 19

The diagram below shows how electricity is produced. What is the source of energy for the set-up above?

Accepted Answer

A. Wood. The wood (fuel) is burnt to provide the original energy that heats the water into steam; the steam turns the turbine which turns the generator to produce electricity. The source of energy is therefore the wood.

Question 20

The table below shows the melting and boiling points of Substances X, Y and Z (X: melting 55, boiling 92; Y: melting 40, boiling 80; Z: melting 32, boiling 60). At which one of the following temperatures are the three substances X, Y and Z in the same state?

Accepted Answer

C. 58°C. A substance is liquid between its melting and boiling points. At 58°C: X (55–92) is liquid, Y (40–80) is liquid, Z (32–60) is liquid — all three are liquid, i.e. the same state. At the other temperatures at least one substance is in a different state.

Question 21

Sean set up an experiment using four materials of similar length and thickness (P, Q, R and S). He hung material P from a hook, then hung 5-gram weights on it, one at a time, until it broke. He repeated the steps for each of the other three materials, Q, R and S. He recorded the mass of weight that could be hung on the material before it broke (P 60, Q 15, R 30, S 90). Based on the results of the above experiment, which of the following statements about the materials is/are true?
A. P is lighter than S.
B. R is weaker than P.
C. Q is the softest material.
D. S is the strongest material.

Accepted Answer

B. B and D only. The experiment measures strength (mass held before breaking), not weight or softness. R (30 g) held less than P (60 g), so R is weaker than P — statement B true. S (90 g) held the most, so S is the strongest — statement D true. The experiment says nothing about lightness (A) or softness (C). So only B and D are true.

Question 22

June wanted to find out how the speed of a ball affects the distance moved by an empty box. She set up the experiment as shown. The results are shown in the table (Speed of ball 10 → distance 5; 20 → 9; 30 → 15; 40 → 21). Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

C. The kinetic energy of the box increases as the speed of the ball increases.. A faster ball has more kinetic energy, which is transferred to the box, making the box move further/faster — so the kinetic energy of the box increases as the speed of the ball increases. The faster ball moves the box further (A wrong), speed relates to kinetic not gravitational PE (B wrong), and the energy becomes kinetic energy of the box, not chemical PE (D wrong).

Question 23

A toy truck was pushed towards a plank, AB, as shown in the diagram below. It moved up the plank, stopped at X, and then rolled down the plank. Which of the following statements about the movement of the toy truck is true?

Accepted Answer

C. The toy truck rolled down from X because its gravitational potential energy had been converted into kinetic energy.. At X the truck is momentarily at rest with maximum gravitational potential energy. As it rolls back down, its gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, causing it to move — statement C.

Question 24

Ben made a jumping toy using two pieces of strong plastic cards, sticky tape and a rubber band as shown below. He stretched the rubber band, pressed the toy down and measured the height in which the toy jumped to once he released his finger. Which of the following correctly shows the energy conversion in the toy when Ben released his finger?

Accepted Answer

A. elastic potential energy → kinetic energy → gravitational potential energy. The stretched rubber band stores elastic potential energy. When released, it converts to kinetic energy as the toy jumps up, then to gravitational potential energy as it rises to its highest point. So: elastic PE → kinetic → gravitational PE.

Question 25

James was jumping on the trampoline. He was being pulled down by Force A. When he landed on the trampoline, he was being pushed upwards by Force B. Which of the following correctly identifies Force A and Force B?

Accepted Answer

D. Force A: Gravitational force, Force B: Elastic spring force. Force A pulls James down — this is gravitational force. Force B pushes him up when the stretched trampoline surface springs back — this is elastic spring force. So Force A = Gravitational, Force B = Elastic spring.

Question 26

Fang Li set up an experiment by letting a steel ball swing from point A to point C. It took 18 seconds to come to rest at position B. She repeated the experiment by placing different objects X, Y and Z under position B respectively, using similar steel ball and similar length of strings. The results were tabulated (Object X: 3s, Object Y: 13s, Object Z: 18s). Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

B. Object Y is a weaker magnet than object X.. Object X stops the ball fastest (3 s) and Object Y slower (13 s), so both attract the steel ball (magnets), with X the stronger and Y the weaker magnet. Object Z (18 s, same as no object) is not a magnet. So Object Y is a weaker magnet than Object X.

Question 27

The table below shows examples of activities involving forces. Action A involves Gravitational Force and Frictional Force; Action B involves Gravitational Force and Magnetic Force; Action C involves Gravitational Force and Frictional Force. Which of the following correctly shows the forces in action?

Accepted Answer

C. A: Riding up a slope on a horse; B: Holding a piece of magnet with pins attracted; C: Pushing a chair across the classroom. Action A needs gravitational + frictional force: riding up a slope on a horse (going up = gravity; grip = friction). Action B needs gravitational + magnetic force: holding a magnet with pins attracted (magnetic + weight/gravity). Action C needs gravitational + frictional force: pushing a chair across the floor (friction + gravity). Option (3)/C fits all three.

Question 28

Study the flowchart below. Which one of the following correctly represents A, B, C, D and E?

Accepted Answer

D. A: rubber, B: graphite, C: gold, D: mercury, E: iron. A = non-metal that does NOT conduct electricity → rubber. B = non-metal that DOES conduct electricity → graphite. E = metal that can be magnetised → iron. Remaining metals: C = cannot be magnetised and is not liquid at room temp → gold; D = cannot be magnetised but IS liquid at room temperature → mercury. Only option (4)/D satisfies all: A rubber, B graphite, C gold, D mercury, E iron.

Question 29

Study the electric circuits below carefully. In which set-up, A, B, C or D, would the other bulb not light up when one bulb is removed?

Accepted Answer

B. B. If removing one bulb stops the other lighting, the two bulbs must be in series (one path). In set-up B the two bulbs are connected in series, so removing one breaks the circuit and the other bulb goes out. The other set-ups have the bulbs in parallel.

Question 30

Weili has 3 rods, X, Y and Z, of unknown materials. She placed them in various positions, P, Q and S, of the circuit shown below. The results of the experiment were shown in the table (rods X at P, Y at Q, Z at S give: L1 ✓, L2 ✓, L3 ✓, L4 not lit). Which one of the following shows the correct result if the rods, X, Y and Z, were placed at different positions?

Accepted Answer

B. P: Y, Q: Z, S: X → L2 ✓, L3 ✓, L4 ✓. From the first result (X at P, Y at Q, Z at S lighting L1, L2, L3 but not L4): position P and Q are in the branch feeding L1/L2/L3, and S is in the branch for L4. Since L1, L2, L3 all lit, X and Y are conductors; L4 did not light so Z (at S) is an insulator. Therefore X and Y conduct and Z does not. In option (2)/B, the conductors X and Y are placed so current flows through the P–Q branch (lighting L2, L3) and through the S position filled by a conductor to light L4, giving L2 ✓, L3 ✓, L4 ✓ — consistent with X, Y being conductors and Z the insulator.

P6 Science SA1 2014 — Tao Nan

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P6 Science SA1 2014 — Tao Nan

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