Question 1

Dominic wanted to keep a grasshopper as a pet in a bottle. He thought of three possible ways A, B and C to keep the grasshopper. The table below shows the three conditions. Which one of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

C. Most suitable: B, Least suitable: A. A grasshopper needs air (lid with holes), food (a plant) and a suitable temperature. Way B has a plant, holes for air and a normal temperature of 28°C, making it most suitable. Way A has no plant (no food) and no holes (no air), making it the least suitable. So Most suitable = B, Least suitable = A, which is option (3).

Question 2

The diagram below shows a flowering plant. Which of the plant parts, A, B and C show the respective functions correctly?

Accepted Answer

D. Part A: To hold the plant firmly to the ground; Part B: To trap sunlight to make food; Part C: To absorb water for the plant.. In the diagram, A points to the roots, B points to a leaf, and C points to the stem. Roots (A) hold the plant firmly to the ground (and absorb water); leaves (B) trap sunlight to make food; the stem (C) carries water and supports the plant. The option matching A=roots holding firmly, B=leaf making food, C=stem absorbing/transporting water is option (4).

Question 3

Study the diagram below. Which one of the following can headings X and Y be?

Accepted Answer

A. X: Plant, Y: Animal. Under X are organisms that reproduce from seeds (Rambutan Tree) and from spores (Bird Nest Fern) — both are plants. Under Y are organisms that feed on living things dead or alive (Mushroom) and feed on living things (Toad). The classification that fits is X = Plant, Y = Animal. (Mushroom is a fungus, but among the given choices only 'Plant'/'Animal' correctly separates seed/spore producers from the feeders, and option (3) fails because the Bird Nest Fern has chloroplasts while option (1) best groups the producers under X.) The intended answer is (1).

Question 4

The diagram below shows the cross-section of a flower. Which parts of the flower will develop into parts of the fruit after fertilisation?

Accepted Answer

D. B and D only. After fertilisation, the ovary develops into the fruit and the ovules develop into the seeds (part of the fruit). In the diagram B points to the ovary and D points to the ovule, so B and D develop into parts of the fruit. A (anther/stamen) and C (stigma/style) do not. The answer is (4) B and D only.

Question 5

Study the transfer of energy below. Which one of the following shows the direct transfer of energy incorrectly?

Accepted Answer

C. Y. Energy flows from the Sun to Plants (producers), then from Plants to Plant-Eaters and Plant-and-Animal-Eaters. Arrow Y goes from the Sun directly to Plant-Eaters, which is incorrect because plant-eaters cannot obtain energy directly from the Sun — only plants can. So Y shows the direct transfer of energy incorrectly, option (3).

Question 6

Bella used the set-up shown below to find out if hydrilla affects the amount of carbon dioxide in the water at different times of the day. She placed the set-up near the window and added a few drops of Liquid Y to the water. The table shows how Liquid Y changes the colour as it mixed with the different amount of carbon dioxide produced in the water. What is the colour of the water with Liquid Y at noon and midnight respectively?

Accepted Answer

A. Blue and red. At noon there is bright light, so the hydrilla photosynthesises faster than it respires, using up carbon dioxide — the water has less carbon dioxide than normal, turning Liquid Y blue. At midnight there is no light, so the hydrilla only respires and releases carbon dioxide — more than normal — turning Liquid Y red. So noon = blue, midnight = red, option (1).

Question 7

Which of the following statements correctly compare the difference between inhaled and exhaled air? A: Inhaled air has less water vapour. B: Inhaled air has less carbon dioxide. C: Exhaled air has less oxygen. D: Exhaled air has less water vapour.

Accepted Answer

C. A, B and C only. Compared with exhaled air, inhaled air has less water vapour (A correct), less carbon dioxide (B correct) and more oxygen, so exhaled air has less oxygen (C correct). D is wrong because exhaled air has MORE water vapour, not less. So A, B and C are correct, option (3).

Question 8

The graph below shows how gases are transported in the blood through blood vessels A, B, C, D, E, F and G in the circulatory systems of a fish and man. Based on the diagrams above, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? A: The blood vessels A, B, and F carry blood rich in oxygen. B: The blood vessels C, D and E carry blood rich in carbon dioxide. C: The heart is needed to pump blood from the body of the fish to the gills.

Accepted Answer

A. A only. In the fish, blood flows Gills → Body (F) → Heart (G) → back to Gills (E). In the human, blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and other parts. Vessel F (gills to body) carries oxygen-rich blood, and in man A and B (from lungs/to body) carry oxygen-rich blood — statement A is correct. Statement B is incorrect because C, D, E do not all carry carbon-dioxide-rich blood. Statement C is incorrect because in a fish the heart pumps blood to the gills first, not from the body to the gills (blood returns from the body to the heart, then to the gills). Only A is correct, option (1).

Question 9

The chart below shows some substances X and Y are transported in the human body. Which one of the following correctly identifies substances X and Y and systems T and U?

Accepted Answer

D. X: Oxygen, Y: Carbon dioxide, System T: Digestive System, System U: Circulatory System. System T supplies digested food, so it is the Digestive System. System U distributes oxygen and digested food to other parts and carries carbon dioxide back to the respiratory system, so it is the Circulatory System. X travels from the respiratory system to system U and on to the body (oxygen); Y travels from the body back to the respiratory system (carbon dioxide). So X=Oxygen, Y=Carbon dioxide, T=Digestive, U=Circulatory, option (4).

Question 10

Which one of the graphs correctly shows the interaction between two physical factors in an environment?

Accepted Answer

A. Temperature of pond water rises as intensity of light shining on the pond water increases (straight line going up).. Two physical (non-living) factors that interact directly are light intensity and water temperature. As the intensity of light shining on the pond water increases, the temperature of the pond water increases. Graph (1) shows this correct positive relationship between two physical factors. Options 2, 3 and 4 show incorrect or implausible relationships.

Question 11

Study the table below. What is the correct number of populations and producers living together?

Accepted Answer

D. Number of populations: 9, Number of food producers: 3. Each different type of organism living together forms one population. There are 9 organisms listed (Frog, Catfish, Duckweed, Butterfly, Guppy, Caterpillar, Tadpole, Water Hyacinth, Arrowhead Plant), so 9 populations. Food producers are plants: Duckweed, Water Hyacinth and Arrowhead Plant = 3 producers. So 9 populations and 3 producers, option (4).

Question 12

The diagram below shows a plant. Part X of the plant is thick, green and waxy. Which of the following shows how Part X helps the plant to survive in a desert? A: It helps to make food. B: It helps to store water. C: It helps to reduce water loss. D: It helps to anchor the plant firmly to the soil.

Accepted Answer

C. A, B and C only. Part X is the thick, green, waxy stem of a cactus. Being green, it makes food (A); being thick, it stores water (B); being waxy, it reduces water loss (C). It does not anchor the plant to the soil — that is the function of roots — so D is wrong. The answer is A, B and C only, option (3).

Question 13

The food web below shows the food relationships among some organisms. Based on the above food web, which of the following statements are true? A: There are four prey. B: There are three predators. C: There are four plant-eaters. D: There are two plant and animal eaters.

Accepted Answer

B. C and D only. From the food web, the plant-eaters (eating algae/hydrilla) are Water flea, Tilapia, Tadpole and Water snail = four plant-eaters (C correct). The plant-and-animal-eaters are Tilapia (eats plants and animals) and Great diving beetle/Kingfisher feeders — two organisms eat both plants and animals (D correct). Counting prey gives more than four and predators more than three, so A and B are not both true. The combination of true statements is C and D only, option (2).

Question 14

There are many tall trees in Forests Y and Z. The table below shows the conditions of the forest floor in the two forests. Based on the information above, which one of the following options are the correct observation and explanation for the organisms found in each forest?

Accepted Answer

B. Observation: More small plants grow on Forest Floor Y than Forest Floor Z. Explanation: The plants are able to make more food.. Forest Y has moderate light reaching the floor and large amounts of nutrients, while Forest Z has very little light and very little nutrients. More small plants will grow on Forest Floor Y because more light reaches the floor, allowing the plants to make more food (and there are more nutrients). This matches option (2): more small plants grow on Forest Floor Y because the plants are able to make more food.

Question 15

Shane had four sheets A, B, C and D made of different materials. He wanted to find out the amount of light passing through the four sheets. He arranged the sheets as shown below in the two set-ups, X and Y. He measured the distance travelled by the light for each set-up and the results are shown in the bar graph below. Which one of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A. Sheet C does not allow light to pass through.. In Set-up X the sheets are ordered A, B, C, D and light travels 15 cm, stopping at sheet C (between 10 and 15 cm). In Set-up Y the sheets are ordered D, B, A, C and light travels 20 cm, reaching the last sheet C. In both set-ups the light is stopped at sheet C, so sheet C does not allow light to pass through. The answer is option (1).

Question 16

A torchlight was placed at the 1m mark of a ruler. The torchlight shone at an object that was placed at the 3m mark of a ruler as shown below. A shadow was cast on the screen. Which one of the following actions would cause a larger shadow to be formed on the screen?

Accepted Answer

C. Move the screen further away from the ball.. A shadow becomes larger when the screen is moved further away from the object (ball), because the light rays continue to diverge and spread out, making the shadow bigger. Moving the screen further from the ball enlarges the shadow, option (3).

Question 17

Azus carried out an experiment. He heated up a mug of coffee in a microwave. He then took out the mug from the microwave and placed it in a basin of cold water as shown below. Which one of the following correctly shows the objects in the above set-up had gained heat or lost heat before it reaches room temperature?

Accepted Answer

A. hot coffee: lost heat, mug: lost heat, cold water: gained heat. Heat flows from a hotter object to a colder object. The hot coffee is hotter than the mug and loses heat. The mug, being between the hot coffee and cold water, receives heat from the coffee but loses heat to the colder water, so overall it loses heat to the cold water before reaching room temperature. The cold water is the coldest and gains heat. So hot coffee lost heat, mug lost heat, cold water gained heat, option (1).

Question 18

Grace coated the 4 ends of different materials (W, X, Y, and Z) with some wax. Next, she heated the other ends of each rod over a candle flame. She measured the time taken for the wax to melt completely. Her results are shown in the bar graph below. Which one of the following variables should she keep the same for a fair experiment? A: Size of rods B: Amount of wax C: Intensity of the flame D: Time taken for the wax to melt completely

Accepted Answer

C. A, B and C only. To test fairly which material conducts heat best, the size of the rods (A), amount of wax (B) and intensity of the flame (C) must all be kept the same. The time taken for the wax to melt (D) is the measured result (dependent variable), not something kept the same. So A, B and C only, option (3).

Question 19

Study the flow chart below. Which one of the following represents steam in the flow chart?

Accepted Answer

D. Z. Steam is matter (so 'Yes' at 'Is it a matter?'), it has no definite shape (so 'No' at 'Does it have a definite shape?'), and it has no definite volume (so 'No' at 'Does it have a definite volume?'). Following these answers leads to box Z. So steam is represented by Z, option (4).

Question 20

Four metal blocks were heated to a temperature of 80 °C. Each block was dropped into a beaker of water as shown below. Each beaker contained a different amount of water, at a different temperature. In which beaker would the water show the greatest rise in temperature?

Accepted Answer

C. Beaker C. The water shows the greatest rise in temperature when there is the smallest amount of water and the largest temperature difference between the hot block (80°C) and the water. Beaker C has water at 20°C (large 60°C difference) — though it has 100 ml. Comparing the beakers, the one with the coldest water gains the most heat relative to its starting point; Beaker C at 20°C with the greatest temperature difference shows the greatest rise. The answer is (3) Beaker C.

Question 21

Jenny heated some ice cubes in a beaker using a hot pan. All the ice melted after 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, the water started to boil. She then switched off the hot pan 10 minutes later. Which of the following graphs shows the results of Jenny's experiment correctly?

Accepted Answer

C. Graph 3: rises to 100°C at 20 min, stays flat to 30 min, then drops.. The ice melts over the first 10 minutes (temperature rising from below 0°C/0°C up toward 100°C), then the water heats and boils at 100°C; the temperature stays constant at 100°C while boiling (from 20 to 30 minutes) until the pan is switched off, after which the temperature falls. Graph (3) shows the rise to 100°C, a flat plateau at 100°C, then a drop after the heat is removed. The answer is (3).

Question 22

Which of the following diagrams correctly shows how rivers play a part in the water cycle?

Accepted Answer

A. Diagram 1. In the water cycle, water in the river evaporates to form water vapour, the water vapour condenses to form clouds, the clouds give rain, and the rain falls back into the river. Diagram (1) shows this correct cycle: river → (evaporation) → water vapour → (condensation) → clouds → rain → river. The answer is (1).

Question 23

Ben released a ball at position W in the plastic bowl shown below. The ball rolled to position X and then to position Y where it rolled back. Which of the following shows the energy conversion when the ball rolled from X to Y?

Accepted Answer

C. kinetic energy → potential energy + heat energy + sound energy. At X (the bottom of the bowl) the ball is moving fastest, so it has maximum kinetic energy. As it rolls up to Y it slows down, converting kinetic energy into potential energy (gaining height), while some energy is lost as heat (friction) and sound. So from X to Y: kinetic energy → potential energy + heat energy + sound energy, option (3).

Question 24

Janice wanted to find out if gravitational potential energy of a car affects the distance it travelled. Which one of the following variables could be a changed variable for the above investigation?

Accepted Answer

B. Mass of the toy car. Gravitational potential energy depends on the height and the mass of the object. To change the gravitational potential energy of the car (the variable being investigated), Janice could change the mass of the toy car (or the release height). So the changed (independent) variable is the mass of the toy car, option (2). The other options would unfairly affect the result and should be kept the same.

Question 25

An experiment was carried out to find out the number of times the key to a toy car is turned and the distance it travelled. The car was placed at the same starting point, S each time. The car followed a horizontal track for 200 cm followed by a gentle slope starting at point T. The results of the test were recorded in the table below. Which force caused the car to move backward when the key was turned 10 times?

Accepted Answer

D. gravitational. At 10 turns the car travelled 180 cm — less than the 200 cm at 8 turns. With more turns the car went further up the slope, but at 10 turns it went up the slope and rolled back down due to gravity, so the recorded distance decreased. The force pulling the car backward down the slope is the gravitational force, option (4).

Question 26

Study the diagram below carefully. As the plane takes off from the runway as shown in above diagram, what forces are acting on the plane? W: Frictional Force X: Magnetic Force Y: Gravitational Force Z: Elastic Spring Force

Accepted Answer

B. W and Y only. As the plane takes off, frictional force (air resistance/friction with the runway) acts on it (W), and gravitational force pulls it down toward the Earth (Y). Magnetic force (X) and elastic spring force (Z) are not acting on the plane. So the forces are W and Y only, option (2).

P6 Science SA1 2018 — Rosyth

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P6 Science SA1 2018 — Rosyth

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