Question 1

Some living things are classified into two groups as shown in the chart below.
Group 1: Animals, Fungi
Group 2: Plants
Which of the following are suitable headings for the two groups?

Accepted Answer

A. Group 1: Not able to make its own food / Group 2: Able to make its own food. Animals and fungi cannot make their own food (non-producers), while plants make their own food by photosynthesis. The other options are false: not all in Group 1 reproduce by spores, all living things produce carbon dioxide through respiration, and all living things need oxygen.

Question 2

The picture below shows an animal, X. X is not classified in the same group of animals as a bird. Some students made the following statements to explain why.
A  X has hair but a bird has feathers.
B  X does not have a beak but a bird has a beak.
C  X has wings larger than its body but a bird does not.
Which of the statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

B. A and B only. Animal X is a bat (a mammal). It has hair (statement A correct) and lacks a beak (statement B correct), which distinguish it from birds. Statement C is not a valid classification feature — relative wing size is not used to classify animals.

Question 3

Nancy wants to conduct an experiment to find out if an organism needs water to survive. A tick (√) in the table below indicates that the condition is present in the set-up. Which set-up(s) should she use?

Accepted Answer

C. B and D only. To test if water is needed, only the water variable should differ while air and food are kept the same. Set-up B has Air + Food (no water) and Set-up D has Air + Food + Water — they differ only in water, making them the valid fair-test pair.

Question 4

The diagram shows a plant cell. Which part is not found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

D. T. The outermost layer T is the cell wall, which is found only in plant cells, not in animal cells. (Q is the vacuole, R the nucleus/cytoplasm region, S the cell membrane.)

Question 5

The diagram shows an investigation on photosynthesis. The plant has leaves that are green in the middle and white around the edges. Which leaf areas lack only one condition needed for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

D. W and Y. Photosynthesis needs light, chlorophyll (green), water and carbon dioxide. W is a white area (lacks only chlorophyll). Y is a green area inside the bag where carbon dioxide is absorbed (lacks only carbon dioxide). Each lacks exactly one condition. X (white + no CO2) lacks two; Z is fully supplied.

Question 6

Four tubes are left in the sunlight for one hour. The solution in each tube is red at the start of the experiment. The diagram shows how the colour of the solution changes with changes in the amount of carbon dioxide (decrease → purple, no change → red, increase → yellow). In which tube does the colour of the solution change to purple?

Accepted Answer

B. Tube 2 (pond weed in light). Purple means carbon dioxide decreased. In Tube 2 the pond weed receives light and photosynthesises, using up more carbon dioxide than it releases by respiration, so CO2 decreases and the solution turns purple. Tube 1 is covered (no light, no photosynthesis), Tube 3 has only a snail (only respiration, CO2 increases), Tube 4's snail adds CO2.

Question 7

The diagram below shows how food and various gases are transported in the human body. Which of the following correctly identifies P, Q and R?

Accepted Answer

C. P: respiratory, Q: circulatory, R: digestive. System P takes in surrounding air and gives out exhaled air — the respiratory system. System R takes in food and gives out waste — the digestive system. System Q connects and transports between them — the circulatory system.

Question 8

The diagrams below show the circulatory systems of two organisms, a fish and a mammal. The arrows represent the blood vessels that carry blood from the gills or the lungs to the other parts of the body. Based on the diagrams above, which of the following statements is/are correct?
A  Only blood vessels X, P and Q carry oxygen-rich blood.
B  Only blood vessels Y, Z, R and S carry carbon dioxide-rich blood.
C  Oxygen-rich blood from the gills goes to the heart like the blood in blood vessel P.

Accepted Answer

A. A and B only. In the fish, vessel X carries oxygen-rich blood from gills to body and Z carries CO2-rich blood from body to heart; Y carries oxygen-rich blood from gills (heart side). In the mammal, P (lungs→heart) and Q (heart→body) carry oxygen-rich blood; R and S carry CO2-rich blood. Statements A and B are correct. C is wrong because in the fish, oxygen-rich blood from the gills goes directly to the body (not to the heart as in vessel P).

Question 9

Study the table about the plant transport system and human circulatory system.
A  Plant: Has tubes that transport materials / Human: Does not have tubes to transport materials
B  Plant: Transports food produced by the leaves only / Human: Transports undigested food only
C  Plant: Transports water, dissolved mineral salts and food to all parts of the plant / Human: Transports digested food, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and waste materials
D  Plant: Has no part to pump the substances through the system / Human: Has a heart to pump blood through the system
Which of the above comparisons are false?

Accepted Answer

A. A and B only. Comparison A is false: humans DO have tubes (blood vessels). Comparison B is false: the human circulatory system transports digested food, not undigested food. Comparisons C and D are true descriptions. So the false ones are A and B.

Question 10

R, S and T are 3 organisms that live in a community. R is a decomposer. S is a producer. T is a consumer. Which diagram below shows the direction of the flow of energy in the community?

Accepted Answer

A. S → T, S → R, T → R (energy flows from S to R and T, and T to R). Energy flows from producer (S) to consumer (T), and from both the producer and consumer to the decomposer (R) when they die. So arrows go S→T, S→R and T→R, which is the arrangement shown in option (1).

Question 11

The diagram below shows a tree community. Which of the following sets of organisms are part of the same population in the tree community?

Accepted Answer

D. four bracket fungi on the trunk. A population consists of organisms of the SAME kind (species) living together. The four bracket fungi are the same species, so they form one population. The other sets contain different species.

Question 12

The graph below shows the number of water snails in a pond. What might have been the reason for the section Q on the graph?

Accepted Answer

D. Addition of predators that feed on water snails. Section Q shows a sharp decrease in the number of water snails. This would be caused by adding predators that feed on the snails. The other options would increase or maintain the population.

Question 13

The graph below shows the effect of temperature of the environment on the populations of 4 different organisms W, X, Y and Z. Which one of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

D. Z is the least affected by changes in the temperature compared to the rest.. Z's population stays roughly constant (flat, low line) across all temperatures, so it is the least affected by temperature changes. W actually rises with higher temperature, X survives over a range (not only at 30°C), and Y is not the most sensitive.

Question 14

The diagram shows a fruit attached to a parachute of hairs. The following results were obtained during an experiment to investigate the time taken for four fruits, A, B, C and D with different diameters of parachute of hairs to fall to the ground. (Fruit A: diameter 1.2 cm, 4.5 s; Fruit B: 1.0 cm, 4.0 s; Fruit C: 0.7 cm, 2.5 s; Fruit D: 0.4 cm, 1.5 s.) What conclusion can be drawn from the results?

Accepted Answer

D. As the parachute diameter increases, the time taken to fall increases.. The data show that larger parachute diameter corresponds to longer time to fall (1.2 cm → 4.5 s, down to 0.4 cm → 1.5 s). Option A reverses the result, B refers to fruit size (not parachute diameter, the variable tested), and C concerns animal dispersal (these are wind-dispersed).

Question 15

A factory makes 6 types of materials, A, B, C, D, E and F. The materials are classified in the table below (Does not allow light to pass through at all: A, B, E; Allow most light to pass through: C, D, F). Five children were asked to test the materials by standing behind the walls made of the materials as shown in the diagram below.
A  Ali can see Ken.
B  Kimmy can see Vali.
C  Vali cannot see Ken.
D  Jenny cannot see Kimmy.
Which of the following statements are true?

Accepted Answer

B. B and C only. A and B (and E) are opaque (block light); C, D and F are transparent. Two children can see each other only if all walls between them are transparent. Statement B (Kimmy↔Vali, through transparent walls) and statement C (Vali cannot see Ken because an opaque wall blocks the view) are true, while A and D are false based on the wall arrangement.

Question 16

Sarah set up an experiment in a dark room. She shone a torch on a ball as shown in the diagram below. A shadow of the ball was cast on the screen. What could Sarah do to enlarge the shadow on the screen?
A  Move the torch towards the ball.
B  Move the screen towards the ball.
C  Move the torch away from the ball.
D  Move the screen away from the ball.

Accepted Answer

B. A and D only. Moving the torch (light source) towards the ball spreads the light more, enlarging the shadow. Moving the screen away from the ball also enlarges the shadow. So A and D enlarge it; B and C would shrink it.

Question 17

The table below shows the state of 4 substances W, X, Y and Z at different temperatures (at 25°C, 60°C, 95°C). Which substance has the lowest boiling point?

Accepted Answer

B. X. Substance X is liquid at 25°C but gaseous at 60°C, so it boils between 25°C and 60°C — the lowest boiling point. W boils between 60 and 95°C, Y boils between 60 and 95°C, and Z is still liquid at 95°C (highest boiling point).

Question 18

Study the experiment below. Two coins, A and B were attached to the 2 metal lids by the same amount of wax. After the electric heater is turned on, which coin, A or B, will drop off first and explain why.

Accepted Answer

B. A, because dull and dark-coloured surfaces can absorb heat better.. Coin A is on the dull dark-coloured metal lid. Dull, dark surfaces absorb heat better, so that lid heats up faster, melting the wax sooner, and coin A drops off first.

Question 19

Mandy wanted to find out how the temperature of the water affects the rate of evaporation of water. She prepared the following set-ups as shown in the table below. Which 2 set-ups should she choose for her investigation?

Accepted Answer

D. B and D. To test only the effect of water temperature, all other variables must be kept the same. Set-ups B and D both have 200 cm³ water, 50 cm² exposed surface area and 25°C surrounding air, differing only in water temperature (15°C vs 28°C). So B and D is the fair test.

Question 20

Judy filled a pot with some tap water and heated for 10 minutes until it started to boil. She continued boiling it for another 10 minutes before adding some frozen prawns and slices of fish into the boiling water. Which of the following graphs shows the changes in the temperature of water correctly?

Accepted Answer

D. Graph 4. The water heats up for the first 10 minutes (temperature rises to boiling point), stays constant while boiling for the next 10 minutes (flat line), then drops when cold frozen prawns and fish are added. Only graph 4 shows rise → plateau → fall.

Question 21

Ben walked into a cold storage room filled with blocks of ice and immediately he felt very cold. Which one of the following explanations is correct?

Accepted Answer

B. Ben's body lost heat to the cold surrounding air.. Heat flows from a warmer object to a colder one. Ben's warmer body loses heat to the colder surrounding air, so he feels cold. 'Coldness' is not transferred — only heat is.

Question 22

The diagram below shows the stages, P, Q, R and S in the water cycle. Which stage(s) show(s) a change in the state of water?

Accepted Answer

C. P and Q only. P is condensation (water vapour → water, a change of state) and Q is condensation/evaporation forming clouds from water vapour (a change of state). R (clouds → rain) and S (rain → water) are not changes of state (water stays liquid). So P and Q show changes in state.

Question 23

The table below shows the main energy conversion of four electrical appliances, S, T, U and V (S: Electrical → Kinetic; T: Electrical → Heat; U: Electrical → Sound; V: Electrical → Light). Which of the following electrical appliances correctly represents the energy conversion as shown above?

Accepted Answer

D. S: Fan, T: Oven, U: Radio, V: Ceiling light. S (kinetic) → Fan, T (heat) → Oven, U (sound) → Radio, V (light) → Ceiling light. Only option (4) matches all four conversions correctly.

Question 24

Dev threw a tennis ball as shown in the diagram below. Which of the following is correct, as the ball moved from position A to position B?

Accepted Answer

D. Kinetic energy is lowest and potential energy is highest at position B.. As the ball rises from A (low, just thrown) to B (highest point), it slows down, so kinetic energy is lowest and potential energy (gravitational) is highest at the top, position B.

Question 25

Study the diagram and graph below carefully. Using the information given above, as the rocket flies towards space it needs less force to fly at a constant speed. Which of the following(s) can explain the above?
A  The pull of earth's gravity is less.
B  The pull of moon's gravity is less.
C  There is less friction caused by the air.

Accepted Answer

D. A and C only. As the rocket rises, the diagram shows air particles become further apart (less air, so less air friction — C correct), and the graph shows gravity decreases with distance from Earth (A correct). The moon's gravity is irrelevant here, so B is wrong.

Question 26

Owen set up an experiment to test the strength of an electromagnet as shown below. He used the spring balance to measure the force of attraction of the electromagnet on a steel disc. He recorded his results in the table below (first experiment: 15 coils→10 cm, 30→6, 45→4, 60→2). Owen then made a change to his experiment and carried out the experiment again. The results of his second experiment are shown in the table below (second experiment: 15 coils→8 cm, 30→4, 45→2, 60→0). Based on the above results, what could be the possible change Owen has made in his second experiment?

Accepted Answer

C. He added more batteries to the set-up.. In the second experiment, distance D is smaller for the same number of coils, meaning the electromagnet is stronger (attracts the disc from a greater pulling distance, i.e. distance D reduced). Adding more batteries increases the current, strengthening the electromagnet — the correct change.

Question 27

The diagram below shows Kim helping Lim up a steep slope on a hill. Kim and Lim weigh the same. Based on the above diagram, which one of the following statements about the forces acting on Kim and Lim is correct?

Accepted Answer

B. Gravitational force acting on both boys is the same.. Gravitational force depends on mass/weight. Since Kim and Lim weigh the same, the gravitational force acting on both is the same. Kim (higher up, helping) exerts a pull force, while the statement that both push is incorrect.

Question 28

Block M is a bar magnet. It was placed on a flat glass table as shown below. A copper block was attached to the bottom of the table. Block M was given a push to move along the table. Which of the force(s) below must the push overcome in order for Block M to move along the table?

Accepted Answer

A. Frictional only. Copper is not a magnetic material, so the magnet (Block M) is not attracted to it — no magnetic force to overcome. Gravity acts downward, not against horizontal motion. Only friction opposes the horizontal push, so the push must overcome frictional force only.

P6 Science SA1 2017 — Rosyth

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P6 Science SA1 2017 — Rosyth

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