Question 1

Which part of a flower is not essential in a wind-pollinated flower?

Accepted Answer

C. Petal. Wind-pollinated flowers do not need to attract insects, so the petal (which is used to attract pollinators) is not essential. The anther, ovary and stigma are all essential reproductive parts.

Question 2

Study the process as shown below. During which stage of reproduction will the above process take place in a flowering plant?

Accepted Answer

C. fertilization. The diagram shows an egg cell and a pollen grain fusing to form a single cell. The fusion of the male and female reproductive cells is fertilization.

Question 3

Study the diagram shown below. This plant is pollinated by insect. If the insects pollinating the plants above are completely destroyed, which stage will decrease first?

Accepted Answer

D. D. Stage D is the adult plant with fruits. Without insects there is no pollination, hence no fertilisation and no fruit (and seed) formation, so the stage with fruits (Stage D) will decrease first.

Question 4

The following table shows some characteristics of two plants, A and B. Plant A: Dispersed by water? Yes, Bears flowers? Yes. Plant B: Dispersed by water? No, Bears flowers? No. The following show the life cycles of four plants W, X, Y and Z. Which life cycles (W, X, Y and Z) do Plant A and Plant B belong to respectively?

Accepted Answer

D. Plant A: Y, Plant B: W. Plant A bears flowers and is dispersed by water — the pong pong plant (life cycle Y, which shows a 'pong pong seed'). Plant B bears no flowers, so it reproduces by spores — life cycle W (which shows 'spores'). Hence A = Y, B = W.

Question 5

Susan conducted an experiment using 2 seedlings of the same type. She ensured that the variables for her experiment were as stated in the table below. Changed Variable: Amount of fertilizers; Measurable Variable: Height of the seedling; Unchanged Variables: Amount of water, Intensity of light. Based on the information given above, what was the likely aim of the experiment?

Accepted Answer

D. To find out if the amount of the fertilizer given affects the growth of the seedlings.. The changed (independent) variable is the amount of fertilizer and the measured variable is the height of the seedling, so the aim is to find out if the amount of fertilizer affects the growth of the seedlings.

Question 6

The following diagram shows parts of a flower. Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of each part? Part A: Protects the egg cell; Part B: Receives the pollen grain; Part C: Protects the anther; Part D: Protects the pollen grain.

Accepted Answer

B. B and D only. Part B (stigma) correctly receives the pollen grain and Part D (ovary) protects the egg cell — but here the table lists D as 'Protects the pollen grain'. Based on the marking key, the correct statements are B and D only.

Question 7

Plants have different types of fruits to adapt to their dispersal method. The diagram below shows how 3 types of plants are found growing naturally in a habitat. Which type of fruits do the plants represented by △ would most likely have?

Accepted Answer

D. Fruits that dry up when ripe with rounded seeds. The △ plants grow in a tight cluster in the middle of the land, away from the sea, indicating self/explosive (splitting) dispersal — fruits that dry up and split when ripe, scattering rounded seeds near the parent plant.

Question 8

The arrows in the following diagrams show the transfer of pollen grains between two pairs of flowers. Which of pairs of flowers would definitely not produce fruits?

Accepted Answer

A. Pairs 1 and 2. Pollen must be transferred to a flower of the same kind for fertilisation and fruit formation. In Pairs 1 and 2 the pollen is transferred between two different types of flowers, so no fertilisation and no fruit can occur.

Question 9

Study the life cycles below. It shows two types of life cycles an animal can go through with 4 stages or 3 stages. In which group of animals can both types of life cycle be found?

Accepted Answer

C. insects. Insects can undergo complete metamorphosis (4 stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult) or incomplete metamorphosis (3 stages: egg, nymph, adult), so both types of life cycle are found in insects.

Question 10

The diagrams below show the life cycles of two organisms, M and N. Which of the following statements about organisms M and N is/are correct? A: Both organisms lay their eggs in water. B: Both organisms have 3 stages in their life cycles. C: The young of both organisms resemble the adult. D: In the adult stage, both organisms have six legs.

Accepted Answer

B. D only. Organism M (a mosquito, 4-stage complete metamorphosis) and Organism N (3-stage incomplete metamorphosis) are both insects, so in the adult stage both have six legs. Statement D only is correct.

Question 11

The table below represents the period in a year of the life cycle of a special type of blue butterfly. The adult butterfly is on the wings throughout the month of July. At which period would there be a lot of eating and shedding of skin to grow bigger?

Accepted Answer

B. September to May. Eating a lot and shedding skin (moulting) occurs during the larva/caterpillar stage, which comes before the adult stage in July. The long period of feeding and moulting is from September to May.

Question 12

Which of the following correctly shows where the sperms travel when they have entered the vagina?

Accepted Answer

A. vagina → uterus → fallopian tube. After entering the vagina, sperms travel through the vagina to the uterus and then up into the fallopian tube, where fertilisation of the egg takes place.

Question 13

Study the characteristics in the Tan family. Father: blood group B and single eyelid; Mother: blood group O and double eyelid; Daughter 1: blood group B and single eyelid; Daughter 2: blood group B and double eyelid; Son 1: blood group O and single eyelid; Son 2: blood group O and double eyelid. How many of Mr and Mrs Tan's children inherited from each of them one of their characteristics?

Accepted Answer

B. 2. A child inheriting one trait from each parent needs one of the father's traits (B or single) AND one of the mother's (O or double). Daughter 2 (B from father, double from mother) and Son 1 (single from father, O from mother) qualify — 2 children. Daughter 1 (both from father) and Son 2 (both from mother) do not.

Question 14

The two diagrams X and Y below show two ways an organism can increase the number of its kind. Which of the following statements about the two ways are true? A: Diagram X — Only one parent is involved; Diagram Y — Two parents are involved. B: Diagram X — The offspring is genetically identical to the parent; Diagram Y — The offspring are not genetically identical to the parents. C: Diagram X — It involves external fertilisation; Diagram Y — It involves internal fertilisation.

Accepted Answer

C. A and B only. Diagram X (amoeba splitting) is asexual — one parent, offspring genetically identical, and involves NO fertilisation (so statement C is false). Diagram Y (egg + sperm) is sexual — two parents, offspring not identical. Statements A and B only are true.

Question 15

The following diagram shows the female human reproductive system. Which part of this system produces egg cells?

Accepted Answer

A. M. Egg cells are produced by the ovary. In the diagram, M points to the ovary.

Question 16

Study the digestive system in Man as shown below. In which part of the system is digestion completed?

Accepted Answer

D. D. Digestion is completed in the small intestine. In the diagram, D points to the small intestine (the long coiled tube).

Question 17

The diagram below shows a simple representation of blood circulation in a human body. Arrows W, X, Y and Z represent the flow of blood to different parts of the body. Which one of the following graphs correctly represents the amount of carbon dioxide in W, X, Y and Z?

Accepted Answer

B. Graph 2. W (lungs→heart) and X (heart→body) carry oxygen-rich blood with low carbon dioxide; Y (body→heart) and Z (heart→lungs) carry deoxygenated blood with high carbon dioxide. Graph 2 shows low bars for W and X and high bars for Y and Z.

Question 18

Study the set-up as shown below. A measuring cylinder contains 30 cm³ of water. Object K is placed into the cylinder as shown in the diagram. What is the volume of object K likely to be?

Accepted Answer

B. 13 cm³. The water level rose from 30 cm³ to 40 cm³, so the submerged part of the object displaced 10 cm³ of water. As object K is only partly submerged (its top sticks out above the water), its total volume must be slightly more than 10 cm³, i.e. about 13 cm³.

Question 19

David always observed water droplets formed on the windows of his car early in the morning. Which process has caused his above observation?

Accepted Answer

C. condensation. In the cool morning, water vapour in the air loses heat when it touches the cold car window and condenses into water droplets. This process is condensation.

Question 20

The diagram below shows the water cycle. A, B, C and D are processes occurring in the water cycle. In which of the processes would a change of state occur?

Accepted Answer

D. A, B and C only. A is evaporation (liquid→gas), B is condensation (gas→liquid) and C is condensation forming rain (gas→liquid) — all change of state. D (rain flowing back to water bodies) is collection, with no change of state. Hence A, B and C only.

Question 21

Which one of the following statements about both evaporation and boiling is false?

Accepted Answer

D. Evaporation: Takes place in all parts of liquid / Boiling: Takes place at the surface of liquid. The statement in option D is reversed and therefore false: evaporation takes place only at the surface of the liquid, while boiling takes place throughout (in all parts of) the liquid.

Question 22

Water can change from one state to another as shown below: Ice → (C) → water → (D) → water vapour. C and D represent the processes which change water from one state to another. Which of the following statements is true about C and D?

Accepted Answer

A. Ice and water gain heat during C and D respectively.. C (ice melting to water) and D (water evaporating to water vapour) both require the substance to gain heat. Hence ice and water gain heat during C and D respectively.

Question 23

Study the diagram below. At which point in the diagram above will the surrounding air lose heat?

Accepted Answer

A. A. At point A, water at the sea surface evaporates, gaining heat from the surrounding air. As the water gains heat, the surrounding air loses heat.

Question 24

Study the graph below which shows the changes in temperature over a period of time. At which part of the graph was ice formed?

Accepted Answer

D. EF. Ice forms during freezing, which occurs at a constant temperature of 0°C. The flat portion of the graph at 0°C is EF, so ice is formed at part EF.

Question 25

Ali prepared the following set-ups. Which factor(s) of evaporation can be investigated using all the set-ups above? A: presence of wind; B: temperature of water; C: exposed surface area

Accepted Answer

D. A, B and C. The four set-ups differ in exposed surface area (wide vs narrow containers), water temperature (room temperature vs 80°C) and presence of wind (with a fan vs without). Hence all three factors A, B and C can be investigated.

Question 26

Gopal wanted to find out if the temperature of the surroundings affects the rate of evaporation of water. He poured an equal amount of water into each of the four containers A, B, C and D. Each container was put in a different surrounding temperature as shown in the table below. A: 30°C, metal; B: 50°C, metal; C: 70°C, metal; D: 90°C, plastic. Which of these containers should Gopal choose to ensure that his experiment is a fair one?

Accepted Answer

A. A and C only. For a fair test, only the surrounding temperature should differ; the exposed surface area and container material must be kept the same. Containers A and C have the same shape/exposed surface area and are both metal, so A and C only should be chosen (B has a different shape and D is plastic).

Question 27

Edwin conducted an experiment to investigate how the presence of wind affects the rate of evaporation of water. He obtained two identical containers and filled them with water. He then placed the containers in two locations as described in the table below. Container A: Inside the classroom with the fans switched off; Container B: Inside the classroom with the fans switched on. Which of the following graphs correctly represents the amount of water left in the containers over some time?

Accepted Answer

A. Graph 1. Wind increases the rate of evaporation, so container B (fan on) loses water faster and ends up with less water than A (fan off). The correct graph shows both volumes decreasing over time, with B lower than A — Graph 1.

Question 28

Leela set up the following experiment as shown in the diagrams below. She put 12 duckweeds and poured 100 ml of pond water into each container. She then added 100 ml of chemical W, X, Y and Z into each containers respectively. Leela counted the number of duckweeds in each container over a 2-weeks period and recorded her findings in the table below. W: 12 → 12 → 12; X: 12 → 14 → 16; Y: 12 → 15 → 18; Z: 12 → 14 → 12. Which chemical would you recommend to a farmer producing duckweeds?

Accepted Answer

B. X and Y only. A farmer producing duckweeds wants the number to increase. Only chemicals X (12→14→16) and Y (12→15→18) caused a steady increase in the number of duckweeds. W stayed the same and Z increased then decreased.

Question 29

Study the following set-up. Ali heated the flask using a Bunsen burner. He observed bubbles forming in the beaker of water. He removed the bunsen burner and allowed the flask to cool down. What would he observe?

Accepted Answer

D. A small water fountain formed at the tip of the glass jet inside the flask.. When the flask cools, the air inside contracts and takes up less space, lowering the air pressure inside. The higher outside pressure pushes water up the glass jet into the flask, forming a small water fountain at the tip of the glass jet.

Question 30

Study the diagrams below. Jane placed an ice cube of the same size into each of the 4 beakers containing different amounts of water at different temperatures. A: 100 ml at 60°C; B: 200 ml at 80°C; C: 100 ml at 40°C; D: 200 ml at 60°C. In which order would the ice melt from the fastest to slowest?

Accepted Answer

B. B, D, A and C. More water and higher temperature give more heat energy, so the ice melts faster. B (200 ml, 80°C) has the most heat, then D (200 ml, 60°C), then A (100 ml, 60°C), then C (100 ml, 40°C). Order: B, D, A, C.

P6 Science CA1 2012 — Rosyth

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P6 Science CA1 2012 — Rosyth

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