Question 1

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis in plants is true?

Accepted Answer

A. Plants make glucose during photosynthesis.. Photosynthesis produces glucose using light energy (not heat), chlorophyll is found mainly in leaves, and excess food is stored in various plant parts (roots, stems, fruits, seeds), not only fruits.

Question 2

Larry conducted an experiment to find out whether carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis. He used the set-up as shown in the diagram. Which of the following should Larry use as a control for his experiment? [Figure: Four options — (1) plant under glass cover with substance to remove oxygen; (2) plant under glass cover wrapped with black cloth and substance to remove carbon dioxide; (3) plant on a base with no glass cover; (4) plant under glass cover only, no substance on the base.]

Accepted Answer

D. Set-up with glass cover only (no substance). A valid control changes only the variable being tested (presence of CO2). Option 4 keeps all conditions identical except it does not remove carbon dioxide, so any difference in result is due solely to CO2.

Question 3

Jaya prepared two identical experimental set-ups, A and B, to find out if the light intensity would affect the rate at which water plants photosynthesise. A lamp was placed only beside set-up A for an hour as shown. Which of the following identify the independent variable and dependent variable correctly?

Accepted Answer

B. Independent: distance between lamp and set-up; Dependent: height of gas column at top of test tube. The independent variable is what is changed (light intensity, varied by lamp distance/presence), and the dependent variable is what is measured (rate of photosynthesis, indicated by amount of oxygen gas collected — height of gas column).

Question 4

Thaddeus set up an experiment as shown in the diagram. After some time, the rate of photosynthesis of the plant decreased. Which of the following best explains the decrease in the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

D. There was insufficient carbon dioxide in the set-up.. The set-up is sealed, so the plant uses up the available carbon dioxide for photosynthesis over time. Without replenishment, CO2 becomes insufficient and the rate of photosynthesis decreases.

Question 5

Car tyres are tied together to form a barrier along go-kart racing tracks. This helps to protect the go-kart race drivers when accidents happen. Which properties of the car tyres used to make the barrier help to ensure safety of the drivers?

Accepted Answer

A. Strength and flexibility. The tyres need to be strong so they do not break on impact, and flexible so they can absorb the impact (deform and bounce back) to cushion the driver. Magnetism and ability to float are irrelevant on a racing track.

Question 6

Mun Wai dropped a 2kg mass on material X from a fixed height as shown in the diagram. He recorded the number of times the 2kg mass was dropped before material X started to break in the result table. He repeated the experiment with two other materials, Y and Z, of identical thickness and length. The results are as shown in the table below. [Table: Material X = 36 drops; Material Y = 48 drops; Material Z = 72 drops.] Based on the results above, which of the following statements are true? A. Material Y is the weakest material. B. Material X is the strongest material. C. Material Y is weaker than material Z. D. Materials X and Y each has less strength than material Z.

Accepted Answer

D. C and D only. More drops before breaking indicates greater strength. Z (72) > Y (48) > X (36), so Z is the strongest and X is the weakest. Statements C (Y weaker than Z) and D (both X and Y weaker than Z) are true; A and B are false.

Question 7

Jason lowered a bar magnet into a tray of steel pins as shown in the diagram. He counted the number of steel pins that were attracted to each of the parts labelled A, B and C. Which one of the following most likely shows the number of steel pins attracted to the bar magnet?

Accepted Answer

C. Part A: 15, Part B: 3, Part C: 12. Magnetic strength is strongest at the poles (ends A and C) and weakest at the middle (B). Option 3 shows many pins at both ends (15 and 12) and few in the middle (3), matching this pattern.

Question 8

The diagrams show the readings on a measuring scale before and after Seema placed a bar magnet 2cm above bar H. What can Seema conclude about bar H?

Accepted Answer

B. Bar H is a steel rod.. The reading increased from 10g to 13g, meaning the magnet pulled bar H downward (attraction). If bar H were another magnet, like poles would repel and the reading could decrease; copper and wood are not attracted to magnets. Only a magnetic material like steel is attracted, increasing the apparent weight.

Question 9

The diagram shows a compass which has a small magnet that can rotate freely. Four bar magnets were arranged such that they were attracted to one another. A compass was then placed near end K and the direction of the compass needle is as shown. [Figure: Four bar magnets joined end-to-end forming a rectangular U-arrangement; the lower-right magnet ends at K (right end). A compass placed to the right of K shows its north pole pointing to the left (toward K). Another circle marked P is at the bottom-left, near the left end of the lower-left magnet.] What would be the direction of the needle when the compass is placed at P?

Accepted Answer

B. North pole pointing right. Since the compass north points toward K, end K must be a south pole. Tracing the four attracting magnets end-to-end (N-S, N-S, N-S, N-S), the free end nearest P must be a north pole. The compass north pole at P is repelled by this north pole and points away from it (toward the right).

Question 10

The diagrams show a bird during three stages, A, B and C, of flight. At which stage(s) do/does gravity act on the bird?

Accepted Answer

D. A, B and C. Gravity acts on every object with mass at all times, regardless of whether it is at rest or in motion. So gravity acts on the bird at all three stages — taking off, flying, and landing.

Question 11

A block of ice was pushed in the direction, indicated by the arrows, shown in the diagram. The block of ice moved along the ground to position S and then to position T. The block of ice stopped at position T. Which of the following shows the forces acting on the block of ice while it was being pushed to position S and when it stopped at T?

Accepted Answer

C. Being pushed to S: Friction and Weight; Stopped at T: Weight only. While moving, friction acts (opposing motion) and weight (gravity) always acts. When stopped, friction (a force that opposes motion) no longer acts on a stationary object, but weight still acts. So both forces are present when moving; only weight when stopped.

Question 12

A box was released from the top of a ramp with surface W. The time taken for the box to reach the bottom of the ramp was recorded. The experiment was repeated using another three identical ramps with different surfaces, X, Y and Z. The results are as shown in the table below. [Table: W = 12s; X = 16s; Y = 4s; Z = 8s.] Which of the following shows the surfaces of the ramps with the least to most amount of friction?

Accepted Answer

C. Y, Z, W, X. More friction slows the box down, increasing the time taken. From least to most time: Y (4s) < Z (8s) < W (12s) < X (16s). So from least friction to most friction: Y, Z, W, X.

Question 13

Two different springs, J and K, have the same length. When two identical cubes are placed on springs J and K, the results are shown. Based on the information above, which of the following correctly shows the relationship between the elastic spring force and compression for springs J and K? [Figure: Four graphs showing compression (y-axis) vs force (x-axis): (1) downward-sloping lines K above J; (2) downward-sloping lines J above K; (3) upward-sloping lines K above J; (4) upward-sloping lines J above K.]

Accepted Answer

C. Compression increases with force, K compresses more than J for same force. Compression of a spring increases as the applied force increases (positive slope). Since both cubes (identical, same weight) compressed the springs by the same 5cm, but spring J originally must be longer (or stiffer) — given the same force, spring K shows greater compression than spring J, so K's line is above J's on the compression-vs-force graph.

Question 14

Elena walked barefoot on some ceramic tiles and then on the wooden flooring in a room. The room temperature was 28°C. Which of the following statements most likely explains why her feet felt cold on the ceramic tiles but not on the wooden flooring?

Accepted Answer

C. The wooden flooring is a poorer conductor of heat than the ceramic tiles.. Both surfaces are at the same room temperature (28°C). Ceramic tiles are better conductors of heat than wood, so they draw heat away from the feet faster, making them feel cold. Wood is a poorer conductor and removes heat more slowly, so it does not feel as cold.

Question 15

Keagen poured 100ml and 700ml of boiling water into identical beakers, X and Y, respectively as shown in the diagram. Keagen measured the temperature of water every minute and recorded it in a graph. Which of the following graphs show the temperature change in the water in container X and Y? [Figure: Four temperature-vs-time graphs starting at 100°C and decreasing.]

Accepted Answer

C. Y above X (Y cools slower). A larger volume of water (700ml in Y) has more heat energy and loses heat more slowly, so its temperature drops more gradually. The smaller volume (100ml in X) cools faster. The correct graph shows Y staying hotter than X over time, with both starting at 100°C.

Question 16

Two empty identical flasks, J and K, were connected with a glass tube containing an ink drop. The flasks J and K were wrapped with a cold and warm cloth respectively as shown. Which of the following correctly explains the movement of the ink drop after five minutes?

Accepted Answer

B. Moved towards flask J — Air in flask K gained heat from the warm cloth and expanded. Air in flask K gains heat from the warm cloth and expands, pushing the ink drop toward the colder side (flask J). Meanwhile, air in flask J loses heat to the cold cloth and contracts, also drawing the ink drop toward J. The ink drop moves toward flask J.

Question 17

Which of the following is/are renewable source(s) of energy? A. Wind  B. Sunlight  C. Tidal waves  D. Natural gas

Accepted Answer

D. A, B and C only. Wind, sunlight, and tidal waves are all renewable — they are naturally replenished and won't run out. Natural gas is a fossil fuel and is non-renewable. So A, B and C are renewable.

Question 18

The diagram shows a sky lantern made of paper. When the candle is lit, the sky lantern will fly into the sky. Which one of the following correctly shows the energy conversion when the candle is lit and the sky lantern rises into the sky?

Accepted Answer

D. Chemical potential energy → light + heat energy → kinetic + gravitational potential energy. The candle wax stores chemical potential energy, which when burnt converts to light and heat energy. The heat warms the air inside, causing the lantern to rise (kinetic energy as it moves and gravitational potential energy as it gains height).

Question 19

Gemma aimed and shot a basketball into the hoop. The arrows indicate the direction in which the ball bounced before coming to a stop at P. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? A. The ball has no kinetic energy at O. B. The ball has no potential energy at K. C. The ball has the most potential energy at L. D. All the energy has been destroyed when the ball came to a stop at P.

Accepted Answer

A. C only. L is the highest point, so the ball has the most gravitational potential energy there. At O the ball is still moving so it has kinetic energy (A false). At K the ball is above the ground so it has potential energy (B false). Energy is never destroyed, only converted (D false, violates conservation of energy). Only C is true.

Question 20

A ball was released from rest on a smooth ramp as shown in the diagram. The ball rolled from point A to point D. Which graph shows the changes in the amount of kinetic energy of the ball as it rolled from point A to C? [Figure: Four bar graphs of kinetic energy at points A, B, C.]

Accepted Answer

B. A: small, B: tallest, C: medium (taller than A). At A the ball is at rest so kinetic energy is zero/lowest. At B (lowest point) it moves fastest, so kinetic energy is greatest. At C the ball is moving but lower than at B's speed (it has gained potential energy on the way up, but C is lower than A so it still has some KE remaining). Graph 2 shows A lowest, B highest, C in between.

P6 Science SA1 2025 — Raffles Girls

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