P6 Science SA2 2025 — Henry Park

Study the diagram carefully. In which group should animal Q be placed?

The diagrams show organisms X and Y. Which one of the following statements about organisms X and Y is correct?

The diagram shows how substances V and W are transported in the human body. Which one of the following correctly identifies substances V and W and systems X and Y?

The diagrams show the life cycles of the mosquito and the grasshopper. Based on the diagrams, which of the following are correct for both animals? A adult has wings B young resembles the adult C young lives in the water D adult reproduces by laying eggs

The diagram shows a food web observed in an ocean habitat. Which of the following is likely to cause an increase in the population of squids? A A decrease in the population of killer whales B A decrease in the population of blue whales C A decrease in the population of sperm whales

Annie conducted an experiment with flower P. She removed two parts of flower P. She then transferred some pollen from another flower of the same plant to the remaining parts of flower P. After some time, a fruit was formed. Which two parts of flower P had been removed?

A plant with leaves of green and white areas was left in a dark cupboard for two days. Diagram 1 shows one of its leaves. The top and bottom of a leaf was partially covered with black papers as shown in diagram 2. [Figure: Same leaf with a black strip covering a horizontal band across the middle of the leaf, top and bottom.] The plant was then left in the sun. After one day, the leaf was removed and tested for starch. [Figure: Final leaf showing four marked positions — P (white area uncovered by black paper), Q (green area uncovered by black paper), R (green area under black paper), S (white area under black paper).] In which area(s) is starch mostly found?

The table shows grouping of cells P, Q, R and S. Based on the table above, which of the following is likely to be correct?

The diagram shows the human digestive system. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? A Digestion ends at R. B S has the most digested food. C There is more undigested food at P than Q. D Digestive juices are produced at Q and R only.

Insect F looks like a bee, but it does not have a poisonous sting like a bee does. Which one of the following statements about insect F's adaptation is correct?

A plant was cut at points X and Y as shown in the diagram below. At point X, both the food-carrying tubes and water-carrying tubes were removed. At point Y, only the food-carrying tubes were removed. Which of the following statements about leaves J, K and L is correct?

The diagram below shows a food web. After animal X was released into the field, the number of grasshoppers increased, and the number of rats decreased. Which organism did animal X feed on?

The diagram shows the experimental set-up Joe used to investigate the effect of a plant on the amount of carbon dioxide in the surrounding air. Limewater becomes cloudy when it mixes with carbon dioxide. What happens to the limewater in flask X and in flask Y in the above set-up?

Susan conducted an experiment with 4 types of soil, P, Q, R and S. She poured 100 cm³ of water into soil P and measured the amount of water collected in the glass container after 10 minutes as shown in the diagram below. She repeated the experiment for soil Q, R and S. The table below shows her results. [Table: Soil P=97, Q=50, R=10, S=70 cm³ collected.] The picture below shows plant X which has shallow roots that cannot grow deep into the ground. [Figure: Plant X with shallow roots labelled.] Which soil is plant X most adapted to grow in?

Water quality in rivers can be measured by studying the types of aquatic animals that live in the river. As the level of pollutants increases in a river, some animals are not able to survive as well as other animals. The diagram shows some aquatic animals' tolerance level to pollutants in a river. Water samples were taken from four different rivers and the number of animals P, Q, S and T were counted and recorded in the table below. [Table: River W — P=6, Q=10, S=10, T=8. River X — P=10, Q=2, S=4, T=4. River Y — P=0, Q=4, S=8, T=12. River Z — P=0, Q=0, S=10, T=16.] Based on the information given, which of the following correctly identifies the level of pollution in the four rivers?

As the water in the kettle is boiling white mist is observed near the spout as shown below. Which of the following correctly describes the white mist?

The diagram below shows a hanging plant. The plant can be hung from a ceiling because of part G. Which one of the properties of part G enable the plant to be hung as shown in the diagram above?

Cally placed a balloon filled with air in a container of water. The balloon was floating on the water. Cally then pushed the balloon downwards and he observed that water in the container overflowed as shown in Figure 2. [Figure 1: Balloon floats on water in container. Figure 2: Balloon pushed down into water, water overflows on both sides.] Based on Cally's observation, which of the following describes the air in the balloon? A The air in the balloon has mass. B The air in the balloon occupies space. C The air in the balloon has fixed shape. D The air in the balloon can be compressed.

The diagram below shows the changes of state in water. Based on the diagram given, which of the following is correct?

Substance W is a liquid at 25°C. It becomes a gas when it reaches 60°C. Based on the information given, which of the following is correct?

Hula investigated why metals feel cool when touched. She pasted a thermometer strip to measure the changes in the temperature of two similar trays made of different materials for one minute. She placed her hand on the surface of the two trays for 10 seconds each and took the temperature readings. Which one of the following data tables represent the temperature readings correctly?

Betty wanted to draw the images of animals. She used her toys to draw their shadows on a paper instead, as shown below. To create shadows of animals of different sizes, which of the following should she do? A Trace the animal toys' shadows at different times of the day. B Place the animal toys at different parts of the paper. C Draw the shadow of the animal toy when it is cloudy.

A ball is held at rest on one side of a curved track. The ball is released. It rolls down one side of the track and part of the way up the other side. It then stops, before rolling back down again. The height of the stopping point is less than that of the starting point. What is the correct order of energy conversion between the starting and stopping points?

The diagram below shows how energy is supplied to run a hair dryer. As the energy moves from point X to point Y in the diagram, the energy stored in the coal _______.

The circuit below, consists of four similar batteries, four similar bulbs and four similar bars, W, X, Y, Z, which are made of different materials. Which one of the following classifications of the 4 materials is correct if only one bulb in the circuit is lit?

The diagram shows four circuits with different arrangements of identical batteries and identical bulbs. The bulbs in all four circuits light up. Based on the information given, which one of the following shows the brightness of the bulbs E, F, G and H?

Daffy made a magnet holder to investigate how the number of tapes attached to a magnet could affect the number of paper clips it could attract as shown in diagram 1. Diagram 2 shows the paper clips attracted to the magnet. She then added different numbers of tape to one end of the magnet and repeated the investigation for each of these different numbers of tape, as shown below. [Figure: Tape added to end of magnet.] The data collected for the investigation is shown below. [Table: No tape — 19 clips, 1 tape — 11, 3 tapes — 7, 5 tapes — 5, 7 tapes — 3.] Based on the data collected, what is Daffy investigating?

In winter, some countries require drivers to fix snow chains to their car tyres when driving through snow and ice. The diagram below shows how the snow chain is attached to the tyre. What is the purpose of the snow chain?

Ethan observed plant P as shown in the diagram below. He noticed that the fruit was of a bright orange colour and was very juicy. (a) Based on the information given, state how plant P reproduces. [1] (b) State the method of dispersal of plant P. Explain your answer. [1] Ethan carried out an experiment with seeds. He placed the same number of seeds in each container of soil. The container in set-up A was placed in a refrigerator at 2°C for three days. The container in set-up B was placed on the dining table at 29°C for three days. The seeds were given the same amount of water and were watered every day. [Figure: Day 1 — both set-ups show seeds in wet soil; Day 3 — set-up A seeds unchanged, set-up B seeds have germinated/grown shoots.] (c) Based on the information given, state the aim of Ethan's experiment. [1] (d) Based on his observations, what can he conclude from the experiment? [1] Ethan saw that Plant Z has both male flowers and female flowers, but they grow separately, as shown in the diagram below. [Figure: Plant Z — corn-like plant with male flowers at the top producing pollen, female flowers lower on the stalk.] Plant Z is pollinated by wind. (e) Using the information given, explain how the positions of the male and female flowers help plant Z to be pollinated easily. [1]

A mountain climber climbed to different heights of a mountain. At each height, he rested and measured his breathing rate. He also recorded how much oxygen there was in the air at each height. The results are shown in the two graphs below. (a) Based on the graphs above, state the relationship between the percentage of oxygen in the air and his resting breathing rate at different heights. [1] (b) Explain why the relationship stated in (a) is observed. [2]

The diagram below shows the movement of water in a plant. (a) State what happens to the water after it reaches the leaves. [1] The arrows below show the flow of blood in the human body. [Figure: Boxes — lungs ↔ heart ↔ other parts of the body (with double-headed arrows).] (b) State one difference between the direction of movement of water in plants and the direction of movement of blood in the human body. [1] (c) State the function of the heart. [1]

Rex wanted to find out if the amount of light affects the rate of photosynthesis. He set up an experiment as shown in the diagram below. His results are shown below. [Figure: Graph with amount of light (units) on x-axis and amount of gas collected (cm³) on y-axis. Curve F rises higher then plateaus; curve H (lower) rises and plateaus at a lower level.] He then repeated the experiment by moving the light source further away. (a) Which graph, F or H, shows his likely results? Explain your answer. [2] (b) Suggest a reason why measuring the amount of gas collected is more accurate than counting the number of bubbles produced. [1] (c) Suggest why the amount of gas collected stops increasing after a certain point, even though the amount of light keeps increasing. [1]

Some animals that live in hot places lose heat through their ears. Elephant G lives in a hot and open grassy area and has large ears as shown above. (a) Explain why large ears could be an advantage for elephant G. [1] Elephant H lives in a thick forest and has smaller ears compared to elephant G as shown below. [Figure: Elephant H — smaller ears, partially hidden in thick forest vegetation.] (b) Explain why large ears could be a disadvantage for elephant H. [1]

The diagram below shows two organisms, organism J and organism L living together. Organism J has chlorophyll while organism L is able to absorb water and mineral salts from its surrounding. (a) How do organisms J and L benefit each other? Benefit for organism J: ___ Benefit for organism L: ___ [2] The graphs below show the number of factories and the population of organism J in city A over a period of five years. A lot of land area is needed to build more factories throughout the five years. [Figure: Bar graph 1 — Number of factories increases from 2018 to 2022. Bar graph 2 — Population of organism J decreases from 2018 to 2022.] (b) What will happen to the population of organism L? Explain how the increase in the number of factories in city A caused the change in the population of organism L. [2]

Junho conducted an experiment to compare the rates of evaporation of water in containers X, Y and Z. He poured the same amount of coloured water into each of the three containers. He placed the three set-ups near a window for a day. (a) Based on the results of the experiment, Junho concluded that water in container Z evaporated the fastest. Explain how Junho arrived at this conclusion. [2] The graph below shows the rate of evaporation of water in the day of the experiment. [Figure: Rate-of-evaporation vs time-of-day graph with points J (9am, low), K (11am, higher), L (1pm, peak), M (3pm, decreasing), N (5pm, lowest).] (b) Which part of the graph above (JK, KL, LM or MN) shows the highest rate of evaporation of water during the day? Explain your answer. [1]

(a) State what temperature is. [1] Yan Yan wanted to find out which material was the best conductor of heat. She scooped butter on three similar spoons and placed them in a basin of water at 5°C. The spoons were made of different materials, E, F and G. (b) State the variable Yan Yan changed in her experiment. [1] (c) Explain why it is important to ensure that the same amount of butter is scooped on each spoon. [1] (d) Suggest one way Yan Yan can make sure that the water in the basin remains cold during the experiment. [1]

Joe and Ray wanted to investigate on which pair of shoes would be the least slippery and the most suitable to wear on a rainy day. They had three similar pairs of shoes to compare. The diagrams below show the soles of the shoes and the number of treads on the sole of each shoe. (a) Based on the information given, write a suitable hypothesis for Joe and Ray's investigation. [1] For their investigation, the boys measured the time taken for each shoe to slide down a ramp. The diagram shows their experimental set-up. [Figure: Shoe placed on inclined ramp supported by a wall, sliding down to floor.] (b) In each of the diagrams given below, draw an arrow to show the direction of (i) gravitational force and (ii) frictional force acting on the shoe as it slides down the ramp. [2] (c) Suggest a change to the surface of the ramp that would make the shoe slide down more quickly. Explain your answer. [1]

Sheldon was playing bowling. He bowled a ball along a bowling lane to knock down the pins at the end of the lane as shown below. As the ball moved towards the pins, it slowed down. (a) Explain why the ball slowed down. [1] The diagram below shows the ball and one of the pins. (b) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of the force on the pin exerted by the ball when it hits the pin. [1] Sheldon tried out bowling balls of different masses. He realised that the bigger the mass of the ball, the more pins he knocked down. (c) Using energy conversion, explain why he was able to knock down more pins with a ball of larger mass. [1] (d) State the energy conversion after Sheldon rolls the ball. [Figure: Boxes — ball → pins + pins + pins (three blank boxes to fill in).] [1]

Diagram 1 shows the front view of Melissa's toy police car. She sets up an electric circuit in the toy by using bulb M and batteries as shown in diagram 2. All the components in the circuit are working. When she closes the switch, the bulb does not light up and there is no sound. (a) Complete the circuit below, correcting the mistake(s). [2] [Figure: Blank circuit diagram with bulb M, sound box S, and battery slots to be drawn in.] Melissa adds two other bulbs for the headlights of the toy. When she closes the switch, all three bulbs will light up without dimming bulb M. (b) State how the two bulbs will be connected in the circuit above. [1]

W is an iron bar placed inside a coil of wire. P and Q are two iron pins in contact with each other. Pin P is fixed. Pin Q is attached to a metal rod and can move sideways. A spring has been attached to both circuits as shown below. During a hot day, Mani closed switch 1 and the fan was turned on. His sister, Rani, felt that the room was still too warm and closed switch 2 to turn the air-conditioner on. (a) What would happen to pin Q when switch 2 was closed? Explain your answer. [2] (b) What would happen to the fan when Rani closed switch 2? Explain your answer. [2] (c) Explain how the fan and the air conditioner system Mani had designed could help to conserve energy. [1]