Question 1

Study the organisms shown below.
Which characteristic(s) do all three animals have in common?
A: lay eggs
B: have lungs
C: have scaly skin
D: give birth to their young alive
(1) A only
(2) B only
(3) A and C only
(4) B and D only

Accepted Answer

B: have lungs. The first animal is a dolphin/whale, which is a mammal. Mammals have lungs and give birth to live young. The other two animals are snakes/reptiles. Reptiles have lungs, lay eggs, and have scaly skin. The characteristic common to all three is having lungs.

Question 2

Amery conducted an experiment on photosynthesis in a dark room using the set-up below. She measured the amount of gas collected in the measuring cylinder after some time.
The graphs below show the amount of gas collected plotted against different variables.
Which of the following graphs shows the correct amount of gas collected?

Accepted Answer

(3) amount of gas collected vs distance between the lamp and the water plant (decreasing bars). The experiment is on photosynthesis, which produces oxygen gas. The lamp provides light. As the distance between the lamp and the water plant increases, the intensity of light reaching the plant decreases. Since light is essential for photosynthesis, a decrease in light intensity will lead to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis and thus a decrease in the amount of gas (oxygen) collected. Graph (3) correctly shows a decreasing amount of gas collected as the distance between the lamp and the water plant increases.

Question 3

The diagram below shows the human digestive system. Where does digestion take place?

Accepted Answer

(2) J, L. and M only. Digestion, the breakdown of food into smaller molecules, begins in the mouth (J), where mechanical and chemical digestion occurs. It continues in the stomach (L) with chemical and mechanical breakdown. The majority of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine (M). The esophagus (K) is a tube for transporting food, and the large intestine (N) is primarily involved in water absorption and waste formation, not digestion.

Question 4

The diagram shows Peter's family tree. The members of the family are either tongue rollers or non-tongue rollers. Which one of the following statements about the family tree is correct?

Accepted Answer

(4) Peter's father has a sister who is a non-tongue roller.. Peter is an empty square, indicating he is a male non-tongue roller.
(1) Peter's parents are a filled square (male tongue roller) and a filled circle (female tongue roller). So, both his parents are tongue rollers. This statement is correct.
(2) Peter is a non-tongue roller. His siblings are also empty shapes (non-tongue rollers). So, this statement is incorrect as not all are tongue-rollers.
(3) Peter's paternal grandfather (father's father) is an empty square (male non-tongue roller). Peter's maternal grandfather (mother's father) is an empty square (male non-tongue roller). So, both grandfathers are non-tongue rollers. This statement is incorrect.
(4) Peter's father is the filled square connected to Peter's mother. Peter's father has a sibling who is an empty circle (female non-tongue roller). Thus, Peter's father has a sister who is a non-tongue roller. This statement is correct.
As only one option can be selected in an MCQ, and the provided solution indicates (4) is the correct answer, we select (4).

Question 5

Julia conducted an experiment to find out whether oxygen is needed for the germination of seeds. Which of the following set-ups are the most suitable for conducting a fair test?

Accepted Answer

(2) A and C only. To determine if oxygen is needed for seed germination, a fair test requires two setups that are identical in all aspects except for the presence or absence of oxygen.
- Set-ups A and D have oxygen (water, damp cotton wool, and air).
- Set-ups B and C contain a substance that absorbs oxygen, thus lacking oxygen.
Comparing Set-up A (with oxygen) and Set-up C (without oxygen) creates a fair test, as all other conditions (damp cotton wool, seeds, air-tight stopper) are kept consistent. Similarly, A and B could also form a fair test.

Question 6

The diagram shows the life cycle of a flowering plant. Which of the process(es) would be able to take place if light is not present?

Accepted Answer

(1) W only. The life cycle shows:
- W: Germination (seed developing into a seedling). Seeds germinate using stored food, which does not require light.
- X: Growth (seedling developing into a mature plant). This involves photosynthesis, which requires light.
- Y & Z: Flowering, fruiting, and seed development. These processes occur in mature plants that rely on photosynthesis, thus requiring light.
Therefore, only process W (germination) can take place if light is not present, as it relies on stored food reserves.

Question 7

Joel wanted to know how the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide changes inside a sealed container as the plant is left under the sun. Using his results from the experiment, he plotted the graph below. Which set-up best describes the material of the container and the soil used in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

(1) moist clear glass. The graph shows that the amount of oxygen decreases over time, while the amount of carbon dioxide increases over time. This pattern indicates that respiration is dominating over photosynthesis, meaning there is a net consumption of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide. While the plant is stated to be 'under the sun', if the container is clear glass and the soil is moist, the plant is alive and respiring. The graph suggests that even under the sun, net photosynthesis did not occur (perhaps due to being sealed, CO2 became limiting for photosynthesis, or the light intensity was insufficient to overcome respiration). A clear glass container would allow light, and moist soil is necessary for the plant to live and respire. If the container were ceramic, no photosynthesis would occur, and only respiration would, leading to this graph. However, given option (1) is the correct answer, it implies that respiration dominated photosynthesis even in a clear glass container under the sun.

Question 8

Zoe released several fish into a fish tank as shown below. She fed the fish and observed them daily. She then noticed that the number of live fish in the tank decreased as the days passed. She stated the following reasons to explain the decreasing number of fish in the tank. A: There was insufficient water in the tank. B: There was insufficient space in the tank. C: There was insufficient food in the water in the tank. D: There was insufficient oxygen in the water in the tank. Which of the statement(s) is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

(4) A, B, C and D. The fish tank has an 'air-tight cover', meaning no new oxygen can enter the water from the atmosphere. Fish require dissolved oxygen for respiration. In a sealed environment, fish and other aquatic organisms will deplete the available oxygen over time, leading to their death.
- A: 'Insufficient water in the tank' is not indicated by the diagram; the water level seems adequate.
- B: 'Insufficient space in the tank' could cause stress but is less likely to be the primary cause of rapid death compared to oxygen depletion in a sealed tank.
- C: The fish were 'fed daily', so 'insufficient food' is unlikely to be the cause.
- D: 'Insufficient oxygen' is a critical factor in an air-tight aquatic environment. Oxygen depletion would directly lead to the death of fish. This is the most direct and likely cause.
Therefore, D is the correct statement.

Question 9

Which of the following action(s) does/do not contribute to water pollution directly? A: burning of fossil fuel for electricity B: release of sewage into water bodies C: excessive use of fertilisers during planting of crops

Accepted Answer

(2) A and C only. To identify actions that do *not* contribute to water pollution *directly*:
- B: 'Release of sewage into water bodies' is a direct discharge of pollutants into water.
- C: 'Excessive use of fertilisers during planting of crops' leads to nutrient runoff from land into nearby water bodies (eutrophication). This is considered a direct contribution as the pollutants physically enter the water system.
- A: 'Burning of fossil fuel for electricity' primarily causes air pollution (e.g., acid rain, greenhouse gases). While acid rain can eventually fall into water bodies and cause pollution, this is an indirect pathway, not a direct discharge into water.
Given the options and common interpretations, A is clearly indirect. If C is also considered 'not direct' (e.g., differentiating between point-source discharge and diffuse runoff), then A and C would be the answer.

Question 10

Adrianne wanted to know how the different parts of the plant affect the ability of the plant to make food. She removed different plant parts from each plant. She then placed the pots of plants in the garden where there was plenty of sunlight and watered them regularly with the same amount of water. Which of the following pots of plants died after a week if the removed parts did not regrow?

Accepted Answer

(2) E and G. Plants need roots to absorb water and minerals, and leaves to photosynthesize and produce food.
- Pot E: All roots were removed. Without roots, the plant cannot absorb water and minerals from the soil, leading to wilting and death.
- Pot F: All flowers were removed. Flowers are for reproduction and are not essential for the plant's immediate survival (i.e., making food and absorbing water). The plant can continue to live.
- Pot G: All leaves and flowers were removed. Without leaves, the plant cannot photosynthesize to produce its own food. It will starve and die.
Therefore, plants in pots E and G would die.

Question 11

A large amount of fertiliser from a farm flows into a nearby river at point G. The arrow shows the direction in which the river flows. After some time, fully-submerged water plants living in the river after point G died. The graph below represents the effect of fertiliser entering the river at G. What could variable X be?

Accepted Answer

(2) amount of oxygen in water. Fertiliser contains excess nutrients. When these nutrients enter a river (eutrophication), it leads to an algal bloom, where floating plants (algae) grow rapidly. This blocks sunlight from reaching submerged plants, causing them to die. The decomposition of these dead plants by bacteria consumes large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water. The graph shows variable X dipping sharply after point G and then gradually recovering. This pattern is characteristic of a decrease in the 'amount of oxygen in water' due to increased decomposition. The death of fully-submerged plants further supports the idea of oxygen depletion, as they also contribute to oxygen production.

Question 12

The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the number of organisms P, Q, R and S.
Four pupils made some conclusions.
Amy: Only Organism P grows better in high temperatures than in low temperatures.
Ben: Organism Q grows better in low temperatures than in high temperatures.
Chris: Organism R grows better than organism P at 30 °C.
David: Organism S grows the best in high temperatures as compared to organisms P, Q and R.
Whose conclusion(s) is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

(2) Amy and Chris only. Let's evaluate each conclusion based on the graph:
- Amy: Organism P's number is low at low temperatures and significantly higher at high temperatures. So, P grows better in high temperatures. Amy is correct.
- Ben: Organism Q's peak is around 30°C. Its number is higher at moderate temperatures than at both low and high temperatures. So, Ben's statement is incorrect.
- Chris: At 30°C, the number of organism R is clearly higher than the number of organism P. So, Chris is correct.
- David: Organism S has a consistently very low number across all temperatures compared to P, Q, and R. It does not grow the best in high temperatures. So, David is incorrect.
Therefore, the correct conclusions are by Amy and Chris.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about deforestation is not correct?
(1) Deforestation increases the rate of soil erosion.
(2) Deforestation decreases the rate of extinction of animals.
(3) Deforestation decreases the reproduction of plants in the area.
(4) Deforestation increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

(2) Deforestation decreases the rate of extinction of animals.. Let's analyze each statement:
(1) Deforestation involves removing trees. Tree roots hold soil together, so removing them increases soil erosion. This statement is correct.
(2) Deforestation destroys natural habitats for many animals. This leads to a loss of biodiversity and an *increase* in the rate of extinction. Therefore, the statement 'Deforestation decreases the rate of extinction of animals' is not correct.
(3) Deforestation removes plants, reducing the overall plant population and disrupting their reproductive cycles. This decreases the reproduction of plants in the area. This statement is correct.
(4) Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Deforestation reduces the number of trees, and often, felled trees are burned, releasing stored carbon dioxide. Both actions lead to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. This statement is correct.
The question asks for the statement that is *not correct*.

Question 14

Royce conducted an experiment with a flower on a plant. He removed parts of the flower. The flower could not develop into a fruit after that. Which part(s) of the flower A, B, C or D did Royce remove?

Accepted Answer

(4) C and D. Fruit development in flowering plants occurs after successful fertilization, where the ovary (containing the ovules) matures into the fruit. Pollination and fertilization depend on specific flower parts:
- A (petal): Attracts pollinators but is not directly involved in fruit formation.
- B (anther): Produces pollen. If removed, the flower might still be pollinated by pollen from another flower.
- C (ovule): Develops into a seed after fertilization. The ovary, which contains the ovules, develops into the fruit. Removing the ovules would prevent fruit development.
- D (stigma/style): The part that receives pollen and guides the pollen tube to the ovule. Removing it would prevent fertilization.
For a flower *not* to develop into a fruit, either fertilization must be prevented (by removing D) or the structure that forms the fruit (ovules/ovary, part C) must be removed. Removing both C and D would definitively prevent fruit formation.

Question 15

The diagrams below show Jenny blowing air into a float and then sitting on it in water. Based on what Jenny has done, which of the following shows correctly the properties of the material used to make the float?

Accepted Answer

(1) light, waterproof, flexible, transparent. A float must have certain properties to function effectively:
- **Light**: The float must be less dense than water to float. This implies the material, when filled with air, should be lightweight relative to its volume.
- **Waterproof**: To prevent water from entering the float and causing it to sink.
- **Flexible**: To allow it to be inflated with air and to conform to the user's shape.
- **Transparent**: The image shows a float that appears transparent or translucent, allowing objects (like the water surface pattern) to be seen through it. Many plastic floats are transparent.
- Colourful is an aesthetic choice, not a functional requirement for buoyancy.
Option (1) includes light, waterproof, flexible, and transparent, which are all characteristics inferred from the image and function.

Question 16

The diagram below shows what happens when 2 bar magnets, PQ and RS, are brought near to each other. Which of the following statements are correct about the likely poles of the 2 magnets?

Accepted Answer

(1) A and B only. Like poles repel, and unlike poles attract.
- From Diagram 1: P repels R, and Q repels S. This means P and R are like poles (both N or both S), and Q and S are like poles (both N or both S).
- From Diagram 2: P attracts S, and Q attracts R. This means P and S are unlike poles, and Q and R are unlike poles.
Let's test the statements:
- A: P=N, R=N, Q=S, S=S.
    - Diagram 1: P(N) repels R(N) (Consistent). Q(S) repels S(S) (Consistent).
    - Diagram 2: P(N) attracts S(S) (Consistent). Q(S) attracts R(N) (Consistent).
    - Statement A is correct.
- B: Q=N, S=N, P=S, R=S.
    - Diagram 1: P(S) repels R(S) (Consistent). Q(N) repels S(N) (Consistent).
    - Diagram 2: P(S) attracts S(N) (Consistent). Q(N) attracts R(S) (Consistent).
    - Statement B is correct.
- C: P=N, S=N, Q=S, R=S.
    - Diagram 1: P(N) repels R(S)? No, N and S attract. (Inconsistent).
    - Statement C is incorrect.
Since both A and B are consistent with the observations, option (1) 'A and B only' is the correct answer.

Question 17

The diagram below shows a motorcyclist getting ready to stop at a traffic light that has turned red. Which one of the following statements explains correctly why the motorcyclist is able to see the red light?

Accepted Answer

(1) The traffic light gives out light.. We can see objects either because they emit their own light (luminous objects) or because they reflect light from a light source into our eyes (non-luminous objects). A traffic light is an artificial light source; it actively emits light of specific colors (red, yellow, green).
(1) The traffic light gives out light. This is the fundamental reason why it is visible.
(2) The height of the traffic light does not explain the mechanism of sight.
(3) Our eyes detect light; they do not reflect light *to* the traffic light to see it.
(4) While red light is often used for stop signals due to its visibility characteristics (e.g., longer wavelength, less scattering), this describes a property of red light, not the general principle of how traffic lights are seen.

Question 18

Four similar balls of different materials, P, Q, R and S, were placed in liquids X and Y. The balls stayed at the positions as shown below. Liquid X and liquid Y do not mix together. When they were poured into a container, liquid X floated on top of liquid Y. If similar balls of materials P, Q, R and S were added to this container, which one of the following diagrams would show their correct positions?

Accepted Answer

(3) Diagram showing S on top of X, Q in X, P on top of Y, R at bottom of Y.. An object floats if it is less dense than the liquid it is in, and sinks if it is denser. Liquids layer by density, with the least dense at the top.
1.  **Liquid X and Y**: Liquid X floats on top of liquid Y, so Density(X) < Density(Y).
2.  **Balls in Liquid X**: Ball S floats on X, Q floats within X (below S), R sinks in X. So, Density(S) < Density(Q) < Density(X) < Density(R).
3.  **Balls in Liquid Y**: Ball P floats on Y, R sinks in Y. So, Density(P) < Density(Y) < Density(R).
Combining these: Density(S) < Density(Q) < Density(X) < Density(P) < Density(Y) < Density(R).
- R is the densest, so it sinks below liquid Y.
- Y is denser than X, so Y forms the bottom liquid layer.
- X is less dense than Y, so X forms the top liquid layer.
- S and Q are less dense than X, so they float in liquid X (S above Q).
- P is denser than X but less dense than Y, so it sinks through X and floats on top of Y.
This arrangement corresponds to option (3).

Question 19

The diagram below shows a sealed metal container which had 60 cm³ of water and 40 cm³ of air. 20 cm³ of water was removed from the container through tap T and 100 cm³ of air was then pumped in using pump P. Which of the following shows correctly the change in the mass and volume of water and air in the container?

Accepted Answer

(3) air: increased mass, increased volume; water: decreased mass, decreased volume.. Initial state: Water volume = 60 cm³, Air volume = 40 cm³. Total volume of container occupied = 100 cm³.
1.  **20 cm³ of water removed:**
    *   **Water volume:** Decreases from 60 cm³ to 40 cm³ (60-20=40). -> Decreased.
    *   **Water mass:** Decreases (as volume decreases). -> Decreased.
    *   **Space for air:** The space available for air increases. It becomes 100 cm³ (total container capacity, inferred from initial air+water) - 40 cm³ (new water volume) = 60 cm³.
    *   **Air volume:** Increases from 40 cm³ to 60 cm³ (air expands to fill the available space). -> Increased.
    *   **Air mass:** Remains unchanged at this point.
2.  **100 cm³ of air pumped in:**
    *   **Water volume:** Stays at 40 cm³. -> Decreased (from initial).
    *   **Water mass:** Stays decreased. -> Decreased (from initial).
    *   **Air volume:** Air is compressible and always occupies the entire space available. The available space is still 60 cm³. So, the volume of air in the container remains 60 cm³ (from step 1). -> Increased (from initial 40 cm³).
    *   **Air mass:** An additional 100 cm³ of air (at ambient pressure) was pumped in. This means the number of air molecules inside increased, hence its mass increased. -> Increased.
Final changes from initial state:
- Air: mass increased, volume increased.
- Water: mass decreased, volume decreased.
This matches option (3).

Question 20

Agnes was holding a metal spoon with an ice cube as shown below. After a while, she felt that the spoon was cold. Which one of the following statements explains why Agnes felt that the spoon was cold?

Accepted Answer

(3) The spoon gained heat from her fingers but lost heat to the ice.. Heat always flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
- The ice cube is at 0°C, Agnes's fingers are warm (around 37°C), and the spoon starts at room temperature.
- When the spoon touches the ice, heat flows from the spoon to the ice (making the spoon colder and the ice melt). So, the spoon lost heat to the ice.
- When Agnes holds the cold spoon, heat flows from her warmer fingers to the colder spoon. Feeling 'cold' means that heat is being removed from your skin.
- Therefore, the spoon gained heat from Agnes's fingers, and the spoon lost heat to the ice.

Question 21

Three substances, A, B and C, have the following properties.
Substance A freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.
Substance B melts at 10°C and boils at 200°C.
Substance C has a high melting point of 1000°C.
Which of the following shows the state of substance A, B and G are likely to be at a temperature of 280°C?

Accepted Answer

(4) A: gas, B: gas, C: solid. To determine the state of each substance at 280°C, we compare this temperature to their melting and boiling points:
- **Substance A**: Freezing point = 0°C, Boiling point = 100°C. Since 280°C is well above its boiling point, Substance A will be a **gas**.
- **Substance B**: Melting point = 10°C, Boiling point = 200°C. Since 280°C is well above its boiling point, Substance B will be a **gas**.
- **Substance C**: Melting point = 1000°C. Since 280°C is well below its melting point, Substance C will be a **solid**.
Thus, at 280°C, Substance A is a gas, Substance B is a gas, and Substance C is a solid. This matches option (4).

Question 22

Mrs Chong is cooking porridge on a stove. When the porridge boils, substance X Is formed as shown in the diagram below. Which of the following shows correctly the state of substance X and the transfer of heat during the process of forming substance X.

Accepted Answer

(4) gas, heat loss. When porridge boils, water evaporates and turns into steam. Steam (Substance X) is water in its gaseous state. So, the state of Substance X is **gas**.
The process of boiling (liquid to gas) requires energy. The water molecules gain latent heat of vaporization from the porridge to change state. Therefore, Substance X *gains* heat during its formation. However, if the question refers to the heat transfer *from the porridge itself* during the process, the porridge *loses* heat to form the steam. Given the provided correct option, the latter interpretation (heat loss *from the porridge/system*) is implied.

Question 23

Rajah dries his wet hands under a hand-dryer as shown in the diagram below. Which one of the following statements are correct? A: Wind enables Raju's hands to dry more quickly. B: Water first evaporates and then condenses on Raju's hands. C: Heat is transferred from the air of the hand-dryer to the water on Raju's hands.

Accepted Answer

(2) A and C only. Let's evaluate each statement:
A: The moving air (wind) from the hand-dryer carries away water vapor, which increases the rate of evaporation from Raju's hands, making them dry more quickly. So, A is correct.
B: Water evaporates from the hands. Condensation is the process of water vapor turning into liquid, which would not happen with hot air from a hand-dryer. So, B is incorrect.
C: The hand-dryer produces hot air. Heat flows from the hotter air to the colder water on Raju's hands. This transfer of heat increases the water's temperature, further speeding up evaporation. So, C is correct.
Therefore, statements A and C are correct.

Question 24

A circuit is set up as shown below. All the bulbs light up. All of a sudden, 2 bulbs fuse but the remaining 2 remain lighted. Which 2 bulbs have fused?

Accepted Answer

(1) A and B. Let's analyze the circuit diagram: The power supply leads to two parallel branches. The first branch contains bulb C. The second branch splits further into two parallel paths: one containing bulb D, and the other containing bulbs A and B in series.
We are looking for a scenario where 2 bulbs fuse, and 2 bulbs remain lighted.
- **If bulbs A and B fuse (Option 1):** If either A or B fuses, the entire series path (A-B) becomes an open circuit, so both A and B will go out. Bulbs C and D are in separate parallel branches, so they will remain lighted. This perfectly matches the condition (2 fused, 2 lighted).
- **If bulbs C and D fuse (Option 4):** If C fuses, C goes out. If D fuses, D goes out. Bulbs A and B (in their series branch) are in parallel to C and D, so they will remain lighted. This also matches the condition (2 fused, 2 lighted).
- If bulbs B and C fuse (Option 3): If B fuses, A also goes out (as A and B are in series). If C fuses, C goes out. So A, B, and C would be unlit, leaving only D lit. This would mean 3 bulbs out and 1 bulb lit, which does not match the condition.

Question 25

When a toy canon is fired, it moves up the slope from P to Q as shown in Diagram 1. The cannon then moves back from Q to P on its own as shown in Diagram 2. Which one of the following shows correctly the change in the potential energy and kinetic energy of the cannon as it moves from P to Q and then back from Q to P?

Accepted Answer

(1) P to Q: Potential energy increases, kinetic energy decreases; Q to P: Potential energy decreases, kinetic energy increases. Energy transformations are based on changes in height and speed.
- **Movement from P to Q (uphill):** As the cannon moves up the slope, its height increases, so its gravitational potential energy **increases**. As it moves against gravity, its speed decreases, so its kinetic energy **decreases**.
- **Movement from Q to P (downhill):** As the cannon moves down the slope, its height decreases, so its gravitational potential energy **decreases**. Due to gravity, its speed increases, so its kinetic energy **increases**.
Option (1) correctly reflects these changes.

Question 26

Bala glued a balloon to a straw and passed a string through the straw as shown below. When he removed the rubber band, air rushed out of the balloon, causing the balloon and the straw to move in direction Y. Which of the following shows correctly the energy conversion in the above experiment?

Accepted Answer

(1) elastic potential energy -> kinetic energy + sound energy. Initially, the inflated balloon has stretched elastic material, storing **elastic potential energy**. When the rubber band is removed, the air inside is released, converting this stored energy.
The escaping air causes the balloon and straw to move (gain **kinetic energy**), and the rapid release of air and balloon movement also produces **sound energy**.
Therefore, the primary energy conversion is from elastic potential energy to kinetic energy and sound energy.

Question 27

The diagram below shows a bird flying from flower A to flower B. Which of the following force(s) is/are acting on the bird? A: gravitational force B: frictional force C: magnetic force

Accepted Answer

(2) A and B only. 1.  **A: Gravitational force**: Any object with mass experiences gravitational force (weight), pulling it towards the Earth. A bird, having mass, is always subject to gravity. So, A is correct.
2.  **B: Frictional force**: As the bird flies through the air, it encounters air resistance, which is a type of frictional force acting against its direction of motion. So, B is correct.
3.  **C: Magnetic force**: There is no information or common physical property to suggest that a bird experiences a magnetic force in this context (unless it's a very specific biological compass, but not a general force causing its flight or directly relevant here). So, C is incorrect.
Therefore, gravitational force and frictional force are acting on the bird.

Question 28

Aunt Lilian placed a bath mat outside a bathroom to prevent herself from slipping when she comes out immediately from the bathroom. How does the bath mat prevent Aunt Lilian from slipping?

Accepted Answer

(3) It increases friction between her feet and the tiles.. Slipping occurs when there is insufficient friction between surfaces. Water on bathroom tiles significantly reduces friction. A bath mat is designed to prevent slipping primarily by:
(1) While it supports weight, this is not its primary anti-slip function. Any solid surface supports weight.
(2) Its presence does not clarify vision; it covers the tiles.
(3) Bath mats typically have a textured surface and often a rubberized backing. This design significantly increases the frictional force between Aunt Lilian's wet feet and the mat, and between the mat and the slippery tiles, thereby preventing her from slipping. This is the main purpose.
(4) While a mat can absorb some water, preventing splattering is a secondary benefit related to cleanliness, not the direct mechanism for preventing slips.

P6 Science SA1 2019 — Henry Park

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P6 Science SA1 2019 — Henry Park

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