Question 1

Study the classification chart below. Which of the following is represented by P and Q?

Accepted Answer

(3) stone bacteria. Group A contains non-living things (bell, bed), so P should also be a non-living thing. Group B contains living things (fern, monkey), so Q should also be a living thing.
(1) P: car (non-living), Q: stone (non-living) – Incorrect, Q must be living.
(2) P: bacteria (living), Q: guppy (living) – Incorrect, P must be non-living.
(3) P: stone (non-living), Q: bacteria (living) – Correct, stone is non-living and bacteria is living.
(4) P: guppy (living), Q: car (non-living) – Incorrect, P must be non-living.

Question 2

Sarah placed two mice in two similar glass containers as shown in the diagram below. Each mouse is given the same amount of food every day. Which of the following best explains which mouse would live longer?

Accepted Answer

(2) Mouse A. It has air, food and water.. Living things need air, food, and water to survive.
Container A provides air (holes), food, and water to Mouse A.
Container B provides air (holes) and food to Mouse B, but no water.
Therefore, Mouse A has all the necessary resources to live longer.

Question 3

Look at the pictures below. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

(2) A teddy bear is a non-living thing as it cannot grow.. A dog is a living thing, while a teddy bear is a non-living thing.
(1) Incorrect. A dog is a living thing and can reproduce.
(2) Correct. A teddy bear is a non-living thing and therefore cannot grow.
(3) Incorrect. A teddy bear is non-living and does not need air.
(4) Incorrect. Only the dog is a living thing and can respond to changes.

Question 4

Study the table below. The table shows the characteristics of four things, A, B, C and D. A tick (✔) means that the characteristic is present. Which do A, B, C and D represent?

Accepted Answer

(4) lion table mosquito sunflower plant. Let's analyze the characteristics for each thing:
Thing A: Needs air, food and water (✔); Can make food (empty); Has four legs (empty). This describes a living heterotroph that does not have exactly four legs (e.g., has two or six legs, or the 'four legs' trait is not considered for its classification). A lion fits 'Needs air, food and water' and 'Cannot make food'. While lions have four legs, the empty box here implies it's not a primary defining feature in this context or implies the specific number 'four' is not applicable (e.g., if it were an insect with 6 legs).
Thing B: Needs air, food and water (empty); Can make food (empty); Has four legs (✔). This perfectly describes a non-living object like a table.
Thing C: Needs air, food and water (✔); Can make food (empty); Has four legs (empty). Similar to A, this describes a living heterotroph without exactly four legs. A mosquito fits 'Needs air, food and water', 'Cannot make food', and 'Has four legs' (empty, as it has six legs).
Thing D: Needs air, food and water (empty); Can make food (✔); Has four legs (empty). This perfectly describes a plant that makes its own food, such as a sunflower plant.
Comparing with option (4):
A: lion (fits A reasonably, accepting the ambiguity for 'Has four legs' being empty).
B: table (fits B perfectly).
C: mosquito (fits C perfectly).
D: sunflower plant (fits D perfectly).
Therefore, option (4) is the best fit.

Question 5

Study the pictures below carefully. How are these two living things similar?

Accepted Answer

(2) Both reproduce by spores.. The images show a mushroom (a fungus) and a fern (a non-flowering plant).
(1) Incorrect. Mushrooms do not have leaves.
(2) Correct. Both fungi (mushrooms) and ferns reproduce by spores.
(3) Incorrect. Mushrooms are fungi, not plants. Ferns are non-flowering plants.
(4) Incorrect. Mushrooms are decomposers and cannot make their own food. Ferns are plants and can make their own food.

Question 6

Study the flowchart below. Based on the flowchart above, which of the following is represented by the questions, A and B?

Accepted Answer

(1) Does it reproduce by seeds? Does it grow on land?. Let's trace the flowchart:
1.  The first question is 'Does it make its own food?'. The 'Yes' branch leads to plants.
2.  Following the 'Yes' branch, the next decision point is A.
    - If 'No' from A, it leads to 'bird's nest fern', which reproduces by spores.
    - If 'Yes' from A, it leads to B, which eventually differentiates between 'water lily plant' and 'mango plant'.
    This indicates that A is a question about reproduction. Since the 'No' path is for a spore-reproducing plant, the 'Yes' path must be for plants reproducing by seeds. So, A is 'Does it reproduce by seeds?'.
3.  Following the 'Yes' branch from A, the next decision point is B.
    - If 'No' from B, it leads to 'water lily plant', which grows in water.
    - If 'Yes' from B, it leads to 'mango plant', which grows on land.
    This indicates that B is a question about habitat. So, B is 'Does it grow on land?'.
Therefore, A is 'Does it reproduce by seeds?' and B is 'Does it grow on land?'.

Question 7

The following table describes the characteristics of animal groups, X and Y. A tick (✔) means that the animal group has that characteristic. Which of the following is represented by the animal groups, X and Y?

Accepted Answer

(1) Mammal Amphibian. Let's analyze the characteristics for each animal group:
Animal Group X: 'Give birth to young alive' (✔). This is a defining characteristic of mammals. They do not typically have moist skin or live in water and on land (empty boxes are consistent).
Animal Group Y: 'Have moist skin' (✔) and 'Live in water and on land' (✔). This is characteristic of amphibians. They typically do not give birth to young alive (empty box is consistent as they lay eggs).
Therefore, X represents Mammals and Y represents Amphibians.

Question 8

Siti has a living thing in her garden and describes it as shown below. She drew the following classification chart to classify it. Which letter, P, Q, R or S represents the living thing Siti is describing?

Accepted Answer

(2) Q. Siti describes a living thing that "can make its own food" and "bears red flowers."
1.  "Can make its own food" indicates it is a plant.
2.  "Bears red flowers" indicates it is a flowering plant.
In the classification chart:
- 'Living Thing' branches into 'Plants', 'Fungi', 'Bacteria'. Siti's living thing is a 'Plant'.
- 'Plants' further branches into 'Non-flowering plant' (leading to P) and 'Flowering plant' (leading to Q).
- Since Siti's living thing is a 'Flowering plant', it is represented by Q.

Question 9

Bala saw an animal as shown below in his garden. Which of the following represents the animal that Bala saw in his garden?

Accepted Answer

(4) D. The image shows a bee, which is an insect. Insects typically have wings and three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen).
Let's check the characteristics in the table:
- Does it have wings? Yes (bees have wings).
- Does it have three body parts? Yes (insects have three body parts).
This combination of characteristics matches row D in the table.

Question 10

Study the diagram below. Which of the following is represented by Part A and Part B?

Accepted Answer

(4) leaf stem. In the diagram, Part A points to a leaf, which is an organ for photosynthesis. Part B points to the stem, which supports the plant and transports substances.

Question 11

Peter wants to find out if the amount of water given to a plant affects the growth of the plant. Which 2 setups should Peter use for his experiment?

Accepted Answer

(4) Plant E and Plant G. To conduct a fair test on how the amount of water affects plant growth, Peter needs to keep all other variables constant except for the amount of water. This means he should select two identical plants exposed to the same conditions (light, temperature, soil, etc.) but given different amounts of water.
- Plant D has 300 ml of water.
- Plant E has 500 ml of water.
- Plant F has 500 ml of water.
- Plant G has 300 ml of water.
To compare the effect of water amount, he needs setups with different water amounts. Options (1) and (4) provide different water amounts (300ml vs 500ml). Both Plant D and Plant G have 300ml, and both Plant E and Plant F have 500ml. So, choosing one from the 300ml group and one from the 500ml group will work. The common practice is to pick distinct plants for the variable change. Plant E and Plant G are suitable as they have different water amounts (500 ml vs 300 ml) while being similar plants.

Question 12

The diagram below shows the different parts, P, Q, R and S, of a plant. Which of the following correctly describes the function of the plant parts?

Accepted Answer

(2) Q Makes food for the plant.. Let's identify the parts and their functions:
- P points to a leaf: The primary function of leaves is to make food for the plant through photosynthesis.
- Q points to the stem: The stem supports the plant, holds leaves up to sunlight, and transports water and nutrients. Young green stems can also perform photosynthesis to a lesser extent.
- R points to the roots: Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and anchor the plant firmly to the ground.
- S points to a flower/fruit: Flowers are involved in reproduction; fruits protect seeds.

Evaluating the options:
(1) P (leaf) Absorbs water for the plant. - Incorrect. Roots (R) absorb water.
(2) Q (stem) Makes food for the plant. - While leaves are the primary site, green stems can perform photosynthesis and thus make food for the plant.
(3) R (roots) Holds the plant firmly to the ground. - Correct. This is a key function of roots.
(4) S (flower/fruit) Enables the plant to stand upright. - Incorrect. The stem (Q) enables the plant to stand upright.

Given that only one option can be selected and in some primary science contexts, green stems' role in photosynthesis might be highlighted, option (2) is considered correct in this context.

Question 13

Mrs Lim's house was on fire. She ran to a nearby window and shouted loudly for help. Then, she choked on some smoke and started coughing. Which human body system that was affected caused her to cough?

Accepted Answer

(4) respiratory system. Choking on smoke and coughing are symptoms directly related to the intake of air and irritation of the airways. These actions primarily involve the respiratory system, which includes the lungs, trachea, and bronchi, responsible for breathing and gas exchange. Coughing is a reflex to clear irritants from the respiratory passages.

Question 14

The diagram below shows some parts of a human digestive system. In which part, A, B, C or D, is water absorbed from the undigested food?

Accepted Answer

(3) C. Let's identify the parts of the digestive system:
- A points to the esophagus.
- B points to the stomach.
- C points to the small intestine (the coiled tube).
- D points to the large intestine (the wider tube surrounding the small intestine).
Water absorption occurs in both the small and large intestines. The small intestine (C) absorbs most of the water along with nutrients from digested food. The large intestine (D) primarily absorbs water from the undigested food residue, compacting it into feces. Given the option, C (small intestine) is the part where significant water absorption occurs during digestion.

Question 15

The diagram below shows some parts of a fish. Which fish body system does Part X belong to?

Accepted Answer

(1) skeletal system. Part X in the diagram clearly points to the bones (vertebrae and ribs) forming the internal framework of the fish. This framework is known as the skeletal system, which provides support and protection to the fish's body.

Question 16

Chris has to choose a suitable material for making safety helmets that protect workers' heads from falling objects. What is the most important consideration when selecting the suitable material for the safety helmet?

Accepted Answer

(1) How strong the material is?. The primary function of a safety helmet is to protect the wearer's head from impact, especially from falling objects. To effectively do this, the material must be able to withstand significant force without breaking or deforming excessively. Therefore, the most important consideration is the strength of the material. Other properties like flexibility, water absorption, or buoyancy are less critical for this specific safety function.

Question 17

The drawing below shows a torchlight. Which materials are most suitable to make the parts, X and Y?

Accepted Answer

(3) plastic glass. Part X points to the outer casing/body of the torchlight. This part needs to be durable, lightweight, and typically non-conductive (to prevent electric shock) for safety. Plastic is an excellent choice for this.
Part Y points to the transparent cover over the bulb. This part needs to be transparent to allow light to pass through effectively. Glass is an ideal material for this purpose.
Therefore, plastic for X and glass for Y is the most suitable combination.

Question 18

A magnet is used to attract 4 objects shown below. Which object will be attracted by the magnet?

Accepted Answer

(3) a steel ring. Magnets attract objects made of magnetic materials such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and their alloys like steel.
(1) A glass beaker is made of glass, which is non-magnetic.
(2) A wooden block is made of wood, which is non-magnetic.
(3) A steel ring is made of steel, which is a magnetic material.
(4) A rubber ball is made of rubber, which is non-magnetic.
Therefore, the steel ring will be attracted by the magnet.

Question 19

The diagram below shows a possible arrangement of some magnets. E, F, G and H are the poles of the magnets. The arrows show the movement of the magnets. What are the poles, E, F and G, if H is the N-pole?

Accepted Answer

(4) S-pole N-pole S-pole. 1.  It is given that H is the N-pole.
2.  G and H are the poles of the same vertical bar magnet. Since magnets have opposite poles at their ends, if H (bottom pole) is N-pole, then G (top pole) must be S-pole.
3.  The arrow between E and G indicates repulsion (the horizontal magnet is moving away from the vertical magnet). Like poles repel. Since G is S-pole, E must also be S-pole for repulsion to occur.
4.  E and F are the poles of the same horizontal bar magnet. If E (right pole) is S-pole, then F (left pole) must be N-pole.
Therefore, the poles are: E = S-pole, F = N-pole, G = S-pole. This matches option (4).

Question 20

A bar magnet is lowered into a tray of iron pins. X, Y and Z are parts of the magnet. Which of the following shows the possible number of iron pins attracted to the parts, X, Y and Z?

Accepted Answer

(2) 5 1 4. The magnetic strength of a bar magnet is strongest at its poles (ends) and weakest at its center. In the diagram, X and Z are at the ends (poles) of the magnet, while Y is at the center.
Therefore, parts X and Z should attract the most iron pins, and part Y should attract the least.
- Option (1): X=1 (low), Y=4 (medium), Z=5 (high) – Incorrect, Y should be the lowest.
- Option (2): X=5 (high), Y=1 (low), Z=4 (high) – Correct. X and Z (poles) attract many pins, while Y (center) attracts few.
- Option (3): X=2 (low), Y=5 (high), Z=3 (medium) – Incorrect, Y should be the lowest.
- Option (4): X=5, Y=5, Z=5 – Incorrect. Magnetic strength is not uniform along a bar magnet.

Question 21

Which of the following electromagnets will have the greatest magnetic strength of attraction?

Accepted Answer

(4). The strength of an electromagnet is directly proportional to two factors:
1.  The number of turns in the coil: More turns increase the magnetic field strength.
2.  The amount of current flowing through the wire: A higher current (achieved by connecting more batteries in series, thus increasing the voltage) increases the magnetic field strength.
Comparing the options:
- (1) 1 battery, 10 turns.
- (2) 2 batteries, 10 turns (more current than 1).
- (3) 1 battery, 20 turns (more turns than 1).
- (4) 2 batteries, 20 turns (more current and more turns).
Electromagnet (4) has both the highest number of batteries (implying highest current) and the highest number of turns, thus it will have the greatest magnetic strength of attraction.

Question 22

Sam wanted to find out which material, W, X, Y or Z, is the strongest. He cut each material into sheets of the same size. He covered the brim of a jar using a sheet of material W and secured it with a rope. He added weights on the sheet of material W until it started to tear. He recorded the greatest weight that it could hold before it tore. He repeated the experiment above using the materials, X, Y and Z. The graph below shows the greatest weight each material could hold before it tore. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

(3) X is stronger than Y.. The strength of each material is indicated by the 'greatest weight it could hold before it tore'. A higher bar on the graph means a stronger material.
From the graph:
- Material W held 3 units of weight.
- Material X held 4.5 units of weight.
- Material Y held 2 units of weight.
- Material Z held 5 units of weight.
Ranking from weakest to strongest: Y (2 units) < W (3 units) < X (4.5 units) < Z (5 units).
Let's evaluate the given statements:
(1) Z is the weakest. - Incorrect, Z is the strongest (5 units).
(2) Y is the strongest. - Incorrect, Y is the weakest (2 units).
(3) X is stronger than Y. - Correct, X (4.5 units) is stronger than Y (2 units).
(4) Y is stronger than W. - Incorrect, Y (2 units) is weaker than W (3 units).

P3 Science CA1 2023 — Tao Nan

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