Question 1

Things are grouped together when they share some ____.
(1) similarities
(2) differences
(3) similarities or differences
(4) similarities and differences

Accepted Answer

(1) similarities. Objects are grouped based on shared characteristics, which are their similarities. While differences are used for comparison, grouping is based on what they have in common.

Question 2

The classification table below shows how some animals are grouped based on a common characteristic.
Based on the information above, which one of the following is used to classify these animals?
(1) According to what they feed-on
(2) According to how they move about
(3) According to how they feed on their food
(4) According to the type of their body coverings

Accepted Answer

(4) According to the type of their body coverings. Group A (parrot, ostrich, sparrow) are birds with feathers. Group B (bat, cat, kangaroo) are mammals with fur/hair. Group C (guppy, snake, crocodile) are fish/reptiles with scales. Group D (ant, cockroach, grasshopper) are insects with exoskeletons. The common characteristic used for classification is their body covering.

Question 3

We can compare things by their differences in ____
A size
B shape
C colour
D texture
(1) A and B only
(2) B and C only
(3) A, C and D only
(4) A, B, C and D

Accepted Answer

(4) A, B, C and D. Things can be compared by observing their differences in all listed aspects: size, shape, colour, and texture.

Question 4

The classification chart below shows how some animals can be classified,
Body parts that help
the animals to move about
Which groups do the animals below belong to?
(1) A B
(2) A C
(3) B A
(4) C A

Accepted Answer

(2) A C. The top chart classifies animals by their means of movement: Group A (wings for flying), Group B (legs for walking/running), Group C (fins for swimming). The first animal shown below is a bird, which flies using wings, so it belongs to Group A. The second animal is a shark, which swims using fins, so it belongs to Group C. Thus, the correct pairing is A C.

Question 5

Some objects are grouped as shown below.
These objects are put together according to their ____
(1) sizes
(3) shapes
(2) colours
(4) texture

Accepted Answer

(3) shapes. The objects are grouped into distinct sets of triangles, circles, and squares. Within each group, the objects vary in size, but all share the same fundamental shape. Therefore, they are grouped by their shapes.

Question 6

Animals with a hard body covering can be classified as shown below.
Devi found an animal and observed that it had a hard body covering.
Which group, A, B, C or D, does this animal belong to?
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D

Accepted Answer

(2) B. The diagram shows a beetle. Beetles are insects, which typically have a body made up of three parts (head, thorax, abdomen) and six legs (three pairs). According to the flowchart, 'has a body made up of three parts' leads to 'has six legs', which is Group B. Therefore, the beetle belongs to Group B.

Question 7

Which of the following are basic needs of all living things?
A air
B food
C water
D sunlight
(1) A and B only
(2) B and C only
(3) A, B and C only
(4) A, C and D only

Accepted Answer

(3) A, B and C only. All living things require air for respiration, food for energy, and water for various bodily functions to survive. Sunlight is primarily a basic need for plants (for photosynthesis), but not directly for all living things (e.g., animals obtain energy from food, not directly from sunlight).

Question 8

Reina observed two types of organisms, A and B, as shown below.
Based on the information above, which one of the following identifies the correct difference between these organisms A and B correctly?
(1) grows on land... grows in water
(2) reproduces by spores... reproduces by seeds
(3) produces flowers... does not produce flowers
(4) cannot respond to changes around it... can respond to changes around it

Accepted Answer

(2) reproduces by spores... reproduces by seeds. Organism A is a mushroom (fungus), and Organism B is a palm tree (flowering plant that produces fruit/seeds). (1) Both grow on land. (2) Fungi (A) reproduce by spores, while flowering plants (B) reproduce by seeds. This is a correct difference. (3) Fungi (A) do not produce flowers, while palm trees (B) do produce flowers (to form fruits). So the options stated are incorrect. (4) Both are living organisms and can respond to changes in their environment.

Question 9

Aminah saw plants X and Y in a park as shown below.
What are the similarities between both plants X and Y?
A Both are land plants.
B Both are non-flowering-plants....
C Both plants have strong stems.
D Both plants reproduce by seeds.
(1) A and B only
(2) C and D only
(3) A, C and D only
(4) B, C and D only

Accepted Answer

(3) A, C and D only. Plant X and Plant Y are both trees shown growing in the ground, bearing fruits. Therefore:
A: Both are land plants. (Correct)
B: Both are non-flowering plants. (Incorrect, they bear fruits, indicating they are flowering plants)
C: Both plants have strong stems (trunks). (Correct)
D: Both plants reproduce by seeds. (Correct, as flowering plants with fruits reproduce by seeds)
Thus, A, C, and D are correct similarities.

Question 10

Which of the following statements show that a living thing responds to changes around it?
A An elephant fans its ear to cool itself.
B A dog hangs out its tongue on. hot days.
C The leaves of a rain tree close in the evening.
D The bus moves when the driver drives it away.
(1) A and B only
(3) A, B and C only
(2) A and C only
(4) B, C and D only

Accepted Answer

(3) A, B and C only. Statements A (elephant cooling), B (dog panting), and C (rain tree leaves closing) all describe responses of living organisms to environmental changes (temperature, light). Statement D describes a non-living thing (bus) being moved by external force, not responding as a living organism.

Question 11

Plants X, Y and Z are classified according to the flow chart below.
Based on the information above, answer questions 6 and 7.
Which of the following describe(s) plant Z correctly?
A It bears flowers.
B It grows on land.
C It is a non-flowering plant.
D It can stand upright without any support.
(1) C only
(2) A and D only
(3) B and C only
(4) A, B and D only

Accepted Answer

(3) B and C only. According to the flowchart for Plant Z: 'Is it a land plant? Yes' and 'Does it bear flowers? No -> Z'.
- A: 'It bears flowers.' (Incorrect, the flowchart explicitly states 'No' to flowers for Z).
- B: 'It grows on land.' (Correct, the flowchart explicitly states 'Yes' for land plant for Z).
- C: 'It is a non-flowering plant.' (Correct, as it does not bear flowers).
- D: 'It can stand upright without any support.' (This is true for many land plants, including some non-flowering plants like ferns, but not universally true for all non-flowering land plants e.g., mosses are low-growing and cannot stand upright). However, B and C are direct and undeniable deductions from the flowchart.
Therefore, B and C are the most accurate descriptions directly derived from the flowchart.

Question 12

Living things such as animals move about to ____
A look for food
B look for water
C look for shelter
D escape from danger
(1) A and B only
(3) C and D only
(2) B and C only
(4) A, B, C and D

Accepted Answer

(4) A, B, C and D. Animals move for all the listed reasons: to find food and water for survival, to find shelter for protection, and to escape from predators or other dangers. These are all fundamental survival instincts and needs.

Question 13

Which one of the following statements does not describe all living things?
(1) They reproduce.
(2) They respond to changes.
(3) They need air, food and water.
(4) They can make their own food.

Accepted Answer

(4) They can make their own food.. Only producers (like plants and some bacteria/algae) can make their own food through photosynthesis. Animals and fungi cannot. Thus, the statement 'They can make their own food' does not describe all living things.

Question 14

Which of the following describe both plants X and Y correctly?
A Both are land plants.
B Both have a weak stem.
C Both are flowering plants.
D Both reproduce by seeds.
(1) A and B only
(2) B and D only
(3) C and D only
(4) A, C and D only

Accepted Answer

(4) A, C and D only. According to the flowchart, both Plants X and Y follow the path: 'Is it a land plant? Yes' and 'Does it bear flowers? Yes'. Then, X has a weak stem ('Does it have a weak stem? Yes'), while Y does not have a weak stem ('Does it have a weak stem? No').
- A: Both are land plants. (Correct, from flowchart).
- B: Both have a weak stem. (Incorrect, only X has a weak stem).
- C: Both are flowering plants. (Correct, as both bear flowers).
- D: Both reproduce by seeds. (Correct, flowering plants reproduce by seeds).
Therefore, A, C, and D correctly describe both plants X and Y.

Question 15

Study the table below carefully. A tick (√) indicates that a characteristic is observed and a cross (X) means the characteristics are not observed.
Based on the table, what do S and T represent?
S T
(1) dog ship
(2) vase ball
(3) pen rat
(4) bee parrot

Accepted Answer

(3) pen rat. Thing S exhibits none of the characteristics (can't grow, reproduce, or move by itself), indicating it is a non-living thing. Thing T exhibits all three characteristics (can grow, reproduce, and move by itself), indicating it is a living thing. Among the options, only 'pen (non-living) rat (living)' correctly matches these descriptions for S and T respectively.

Question 16

The picture below shows a plant which grows upright with the support of a wooden pole.
Based on your observations of the plant above, which of the following statements describe the plant?
A It is a land plant.
B It has a weak stem.
C It is a flowering plant.
D It reproduces by seeds.
(1) A and D only
(2) B and C only
(3) A, C and D only
(4) A, B, C and D

Accepted Answer

(4) A, B, C and D. The image shows a plant growing from the soil, supported by a wooden pole, and bearing fruits.
- A: It is a land plant. (Correct, it grows in soil).
- B: It has a weak stem. (Correct, it needs external support from a wooden pole to grow upright).
- C: It is a flowering plant. (Correct, it produces fruits, which develop from flowers).
- D: It reproduces by seeds. (Correct, flowering plants that produce fruits reproduce by seeds).
All statements A, B, C, and D describe the plant correctly.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about both fungi and bacteria are true?
A Both groups can reproduce.
B Both groups need air and water only.
C Both groups cannot be seen with our naked eyes.
D Both groups can respond to changes in their environments.
(1) A and B only
(3) B and C only
(2) A and D only
(4) C and D only

Accepted Answer

(3) B and C only. A: Both fungi (e.g., by spores) and bacteria (by binary fission) can reproduce. (True).
B: Both groups need nutrients/food in addition to air and water. Also, some bacteria are anaerobic and do not need air. (False).
C: While most bacteria cannot be seen, many fungi (like mushrooms) are visible to the naked eye. (False).
D: Like all living things, both fungi and bacteria can respond to changes in their environments (e.g., growing towards nutrients, responding to temperature). (True).
Therefore, statements A and D are true.

Question 18

Living things reproduce ____
(1) so that there will be enough food
(2) so they can look after one another
(3) so they will continue to grow bigger
(4) so to ensure the survival of their own kind

Accepted Answer

(4) so to ensure the survival of their own kind. Reproduction is the biological process by which living organisms create new individuals of their own kind. Its primary purpose is to ensure the continuation and survival of the species, preventing extinction.

Question 19

The flow chart below shows how some organisms are differentiated.
Based on the information above, which one of the following identifies the correct question in each of these boxes, X and Y?
X Y
(1) Does it bear fruits? Is it a non-flowering plant?
(2) Does it bear flowers? Does it reproduce from spores?
(3) Is it a non-flowering plant? Does it need food?
(4) Does it reproduce from spores? Does it make its own food?

Accepted Answer

(4) Does it reproduce from spores? Does it make its own food?. Let's analyze the organisms: Mimosa is a flowering plant (reproduces by seeds). Toadstool is a fungus (non-flowering, reproduces by spores, does not make its own food). Sword fern is a non-flowering plant (reproduces by spores, makes its own food).

For Option (4) to be correct, assuming the questions are correct and the flowchart branches are intended to be biologically accurate (even if the Yes/No arrows are depicted incorrectly):
- **Question X: 'Does it reproduce from spores?'**
  - 'Yes' branch leads to Mimosa. This is biologically incorrect, as Mimosa (a flowering plant) reproduces by seeds, not spores. It should be on the 'No' branch.
- **Question Y: 'Does it make its own food?'**
  - 'Yes' branch leads to Toadstool. This is biologically incorrect, as Toadstool (a fungus) does not make its own food. It should be on the 'No' branch.
  - 'No' branch leads to Sword Fern. This is biologically incorrect, as Sword Fern (a plant) makes its own food. It should be on the 'Yes' branch.

Given the direct contradictions between the flowchart's paths and the biological facts for the organisms with option (4)'s questions, this question is severely flawed. However, if we assume the questions in option (4) are the intended questions and that the flowchart's Yes/No arrows or organism placements are inverted/flawed, these questions ('Does it reproduce from spores?' and 'Does it make its own food?') represent key biological distinctions often taught at this level for these types of organisms. Without corrections to the diagram or options, no provided option perfectly aligns with the diagram and biological facts simultaneously.

Question 20

Two mudskippers of the same size and breed were placed in identical containers. Each container had an equal amount of mud taken from the same swamp but the amount of water present in the mud was not the same.
The aim of this experiment is to find out if ____
(1) the mudskippers need air to survive
(2) different amount of light affects the survival of the mudskipper
(3) the mudskippers can stay away from the swamp where they used to live
(4) different amount of water present in the mud affects the survival of the mudskipper

Accepted Answer

(4) different amount of water present in the mud affects the survival of the mudskipper. In a fair test, only one variable should be changed between experimental setups. The problem states that the 'amount of water present in the mud was not the same' while other conditions are identical. Therefore, the experiment aims to investigate the effect of water amount on mudskipper survival.

P3 Science CA1 2023 — Raffles Girls

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