Question 1

Study the classification chart below.
Which of the following have been placed in the wrong group?

Accepted Answer

(4) rock and bacteria. The classification chart categorizes "Things" into "Living" and "Non-living". Moss, parrot, and rose plant are living things, correctly placed. Bicycle, book, and bag are non-living things, correctly placed. However, rock is a non-living thing but placed under "Living", and bacteria is a living thing but placed under "Non-living". Therefore, rock and bacteria have been placed in the wrong group.

Question 2

Mrs Rosnah placed a healthy potted flowering plant beside the window of her house for two weeks. The diagram below shows the plant with dried flowers and leaves after two weeks.
Which one of the following is the most likely reason for the flowers and leaves to be come dry?

Accepted Answer

(3) The plant did not get enough water.. Plants require water to stay healthy. Dried flowers and leaves are a common indication of insufficient water, leading to dehydration of the plant tissues.

Question 3

Which of the following statements are characteristics of adult reptiles?
A They reproduce by laying eggs.
B They have fins to help them swim.
C They have dry skin usually covered with scales.

Accepted Answer

(2) A and C only. Statement A is correct: Most reptiles reproduce by laying eggs. Statement B is incorrect: Fins are characteristic of fish, not reptiles, which typically use limbs or their body for movement. Statement C is correct: Reptiles have dry skin covered with scales to prevent water loss.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the characteristics of bacterial is/are correct?
A All bacteria are harmful to us.
B All bacteria can make their own food.
C All bacteria can only be seen through a microscope.

Accepted Answer

(1) C only. Statement A is incorrect: Many bacteria are beneficial (e.g., in digestion, food production). Statement B is incorrect: While some bacteria can produce their own food (e.g., photosynthetic or chemosynthetic bacteria), many are heterotrophic and obtain food from their environment. Statement C is correct: Bacteria are microscopic organisms and require a microscope to be seen.

Question 5

Study the diagram below.
Which of the following correctly represents the headings X and Y?

Accepted Answer

(4) Plant, Fungi. The classification chart is under 'Living Things'. Group X includes 'bird's nest fern' and 'moss', which are examples of plants. Group Y includes 'mushroom' and 'yeast', which are examples of fungi. Therefore, X represents Plants and Y represents Fungi.

Question 6

Study the flowchart below.
Based on the flowchart above which one of the following could represent animals A, B and C correctly?

Accepted Answer

(2) dolphin, goldfish, butterfly. Let's trace the path for each animal type:
-   **Animal A:** Lives in water (Yes) and gives birth to young alive (Yes). A dolphin fits this description.
-   **Animal B:** Lives in water (Yes) but does not give birth to young alive (No, lays eggs). A goldfish fits this description.
-   **Animal C:** Does not live in water (No) and does not have hair as its outer covering (No). A butterfly fits this description (lives on land, has an exoskeleton).

Question 7

Study the diagram below.
Which human system does the above diagram represent?

Accepted Answer

(2) muscular system. The diagram illustrates the network of muscles throughout the human body, which is characteristic of the muscular system.

Question 8

Which one of the following statements about the human system is correct?

Accepted Answer

(1) Skeletal, Protects important organs in our bodies. 1.  The skeletal system provides support and protects vital organs (e.g., rib cage protects lungs and heart). This statement is correct.
2.  The muscular system enables movement; the heart is part of the circulatory system and pumps blood.
3.  The respiratory system is for gas exchange (taking in and giving out air); the muscular and skeletal systems work together for movement.
4.  The circulatory system transports substances (blood, nutrients, oxygen); the respiratory system handles air intake and output.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements about the human digestive system is wrong?

Accepted Answer

(4) The human digestive system transports digested food and oxygen to other parts of the body.. 1.  The stomach produces gastric (digestive) juices. This is correct.
2.  The large intestine absorbs water from undigested food. This is correct.
3.  The stomach begins protein digestion, and the small intestine is where most chemical digestion and absorption occur. This is correct.
4.  The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. The circulatory system is responsible for transporting digested food (nutrients) and oxygen throughout the body. Thus, this statement is wrong.

Question 10

Dominic conducted an experiment as shown in the diagram below to test the strength of different materials. Weight of identical mass were added to the strings until each of the string broke. Then he recorded the number of weights added till the strings broke. The strings used were of the same thickness but made of different materials, W, X, Y and Z.
The graph below shows his results.
Based on Dominic's results above, which one of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

(3) Y is a stronger material than Z.. The graph shows the number of weights each material supported before breaking:
-   W: Approximately 2.5 weights
-   X: 6 weights
-   Y: 4 weights
-   Z: Approximately 3.5 weights
Greater number of weights indicates stronger material.
1.  X (6 weights) is the strongest, not weakest. (Incorrect)
2.  W (2.5 weights) is the weakest, not strongest. (Incorrect)
3.  Y (4 weights) supported more weights than Z (3.5 weights), so Y is stronger than Z. (Correct)
4.  Z (3.5 weights) supported fewer weights than X (6 weights). (Incorrect)

Question 11

Matthew observed and recorded four properties of object P as shown below.
• Object P is stiff.
• Object P sinks in water.
• Object P does not break easily.
• Object P does not allow light to pass through it.
Based on the properties above, which one of the following best represents object P?

Accepted Answer

(1) metal cup. Let's check the properties against each option:
-   **Metal cup:** Stiff (Yes), sinks in water (Yes), does not break easily (Yes), does not allow light to pass through it (Yes). All properties match.
-   **Paper boat:** Not stiff, usually floats initially, tears easily. (Does not match)
-   **Rubber band:** Not stiff (flexible). (Does not match)
-   **Wooden chopsticks:** Stiff (Yes), can float or sink depending on wood type, fairly durable, opaque. A metal cup is a more definitive match for sinking and not breaking easily.

Question 12

Firefighters wear clothing made of special materials when they put out fires.
Based on the properties of materials A, B, C, and D as shown below, which one of the materials is the most suitable for making the firefighter's clothing? A tick (✔) shows that the material has that property.

Accepted Answer

(3) C. Firefighter clothing needs to be strong for protection and flexible for movement. Waterproofing is also important, but among the given options, Material C and D are the only ones that are both strong (✔) and flexible (✔). Since Material C is an option and matches these two crucial properties, it is the most suitable among the choices, even if it lacks waterproofing according to the table.

Question 13

Xavier uses his pair of goggles to help him see clearly under the water.
Which of the following correctly states the properties that part S should have?

Accepted Answer

(2) yes, yes. Part S represents the lens of the goggles. To see clearly underwater, the lens must:
1.  Allow light to pass through it (be transparent/translucent): Yes.
2.  Be waterproof: Yes, to prevent water from entering and obstructing vision.
Therefore, both properties should be 'yes'.

Question 14

Which one of the following objects is made of a magnetic material?

Accepted Answer

(4) steel spoon. Magnetic materials are attracted to magnets.
-   Cotton, plastic, and wood are non-magnetic materials.
-   Steel is an alloy of iron, which is a magnetic material. Therefore, a steel spoon is made of a magnetic material.

Question 15

Study the diagrams carefully. Both bars A and B are magnets.
Magnets A and B are held in the same position without being released and then brought close to each other as shown in the diagram below.
What will be observed when Magnets A and B are brought close together in the positions shown above?

Accepted Answer

(1) Magnet A and Magnet B will repel each other.. From the first diagram:
-   Magnet A: P attracts S (from Magnet B). Let P be North, so S (of Magnet B) is South.
-   Magnet B: Q repels S (from Magnet A). If S (of Magnet A) is North (as it's the other end of P), then Q (of Magnet B) is North.
Let's refine: P (Magnet A) attracts S (Magnet B) => P and S are unlike poles. Q (Magnet B) repels S (Magnet A) => Q and S are like poles.
If S (Magnet A) is N, then P (Magnet A) is S. If S (Magnet A) is N, and Q (Magnet B) repels S (Magnet A), then Q (Magnet B) is N. If P (Magnet A) is S, and S (Magnet B) attracts P (Magnet A), then S (Magnet B) is N. This is contradictory within Magnet B (Q=N, S=N). Let's assume the labels S and N on Magnet B are its actual poles.
Revised deduction:
- P (Magnet A) attracts S (Magnet B). These are unlike poles.
- Q (Magnet B) repels S (Magnet A). These are like poles.
Let S (Magnet A) be North. Then Q (Magnet B) is North. Since P (Magnet A) attracts S (Magnet B), and S (Magnet B) is North, then P (Magnet A) is South.
So, Magnet A: P (South) and S (North). Magnet B: Q (North) and N (South).
In the second diagram, the right end of Magnet A (S, which is North) is brought near the left end of Magnet B (Q, which is North). Since like poles repel, Magnet A and Magnet B will repel each other.

Question 16

Gemma brought both poles of a magnet near three objects, X, Y and Z. Each object is made of different materials. She then recorded the type of interaction between the magnet and objects in the table below.
Which one of the following statements is correct about objects X, Y and Z?

Accepted Answer

(4) Object Y is a magnet and object Z is made of non-magnetic material.. -   **Object X:** Attracts but does not repel. This indicates it is a magnetic material but not a permanent magnet (it could be temporarily magnetized or unmagnetized).
-   **Object Y:** Attracts and repels. This is the definitive test for a permanent magnet.
-   **Object Z:** No movement. This indicates it is a non-magnetic material.
Therefore, option (4) is correct: Object Y is a magnet, and object Z is made of non-magnetic material.

Question 17

Three magnets, J, K and L, were brought near to each other. Magnet J was observed to move away from magnet K but magnet J was attracted to magnet L as shown in the diagram below.
Based on the diagram above, which one of the following statements incorrectly describes the poles of the magnets?

Accepted Answer

(4) Poles D and F are unlike poles.. 1.  "Magnet J was observed to move away from magnet K": This means the interacting poles, D (of J) and B (of K), are like poles.
2.  "Magnet J was attracted to magnet L": This means the interacting poles, E (of J) and C (of L), are unlike poles.
Let D be a North pole. Then B must be a North pole (like D). Since D is North, E (the other end of Magnet J) must be South. Since E is South, C (to attract E) must be a North pole. Since C is North, F (the other end of U-magnet L) must be a South pole. (And A (the other end of K) is South).
So, we have: A=S, B=N, C=N, D=N, E=S, F=S.
Let's check the options for incorrect statements:
(1) Poles B(N) and F(S) are like poles. This is False; they are unlike poles. So, statement (1) is an incorrect description.
(2) Poles C(N) and E(S) are like poles. This is False; they are unlike poles. So, statement (2) is an incorrect description.
(3) Poles A(S) and C(N) are unlike poles. This is True; they are unlike poles. So, statement (3) is a correct description.
(4) Poles D(N) and F(S) are unlike poles. This is True; they are unlike poles. So, statement (4) is a correct description.

Given the answer key indicates option (4) is the correct answer (meaning statement (4) is the incorrect description), there is an inconsistency in the problem setup or its intended solution, as based on logical deduction, statement (4) is a correct description.

Question 18

Alicia held a bar magnet above a plastic container of iron nails. She then lowered it into the container.
Which of the following shows the likely results for the number of iron nails attracted by parts A, B and C of the bar magnet?

Accepted Answer

(1) 10, 10, 5. A bar magnet's magnetic strength is greatest at its poles (ends) and weakest at its center. Parts A and B represent the poles of the magnet, while part C is the center. Therefore, parts A and B should attract a high and similar number of iron nails, and part C should attract the fewest. Option (1) shows A=10, B=10, C=5, which aligns with this principle.

Question 19

Lyndon magnetised four identical iron bars, W, X, Y and Z, using the stroke method. He observed that the iron bars were able to attract the paper clip from different distances as shown in the diagram below.
Which iron bar had been stroked the most number of times?

Accepted Answer

(2) X. The strength of a magnet created by the stroking method is proportional to the number of strokes (up to saturation). A stronger magnet can attract magnetic objects from a greater distance. Bar X attracted a paper clip from 9 cm, which is the greatest distance among the four bars. This indicates X is the strongest magnet and therefore was stroked the most number of times.

Question 20

Christie coiled a length of wire around an iron rod and connected it to a battery.
In which one of the following set-ups would the electromagnet have the greatest magnetic strength?

Accepted Answer

(1) 13 coils. The strength of an electromagnet is directly proportional to the number of turns (coils) in the wire, assuming the current and core material are constant. The setup with 13 coils has the greatest number of turns, thus producing the strongest electromagnet.

Question 21

Which of the following objects make use of magnets to work?
A torch
B compass
C kettle
D refrigerator

Accepted Answer

(3) B and D only. A compass uses a magnetic needle to align with the Earth's magnetic field for navigation. A refrigerator uses magnets for its door seal to keep it tightly closed. A torch and a kettle primarily use electrical circuits for light and heat, respectively, without magnets in their core function.

Question 22

The diagram below shows two toy cars, A and B. Each toy car has a bar magnet fixed on it. The diagram shows the interaction between compass X and the bar magnet on car A. When the two toy cars were brought close to each other, they moved towards each other.
Which one of the following diagrams shows the correct position of the needle of compass Y?

Accepted Answer

(3). 1.  **Car A's magnet poles:** Compass X's North pole (darker side) points to Car A's left end, which is labeled S. This confirms Car A's magnet has its South pole on the left and North pole on the right (S-N).
2.  **Car B's magnet poles:** When Car A and Car B were brought close, they moved towards each other (attracted). Since Car A's right end (N pole) faced Car B's left end, Car B's left end must be a South pole for attraction. Thus, Car B's magnet has its South pole on the left and North pole on the right (S-N).
3.  **Compass Y's orientation:** Compass Y is placed near the right end of Car B, which is Car B's North pole. A compass needle's South pole (white side) is attracted to a North pole, and its North pole (darker side) is repelled. Therefore, the compass needle's white side should point towards the right (Car B's North pole), and its darker side should point to the left. Option (3) shows the darker (North) end of the compass needle pointing to the left.

P3 Science CA1 2023 — Nanyang

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