Question 1

The diagrams below show two animals (frog and fish). How are the animals similar?

Accepted Answer

A. lay eggs. Both frogs (amphibians) and fish reproduce by laying eggs. They do not share scales (only fish have scales), neither share habitat (fish live only in water), and only frogs have moist skin (fish have scales, not moist skin).

Question 2

The diagram below shows a greenhouse used to grow plants during cold seasons. What is the property of the material used to make the panels to allow sunlight to reach the plants inside the greenhouse?

Accepted Answer

C. transparency. For sunlight to pass through the panels and reach the plants inside, the panel material must allow light to pass through it — this property is transparency. Strength, waterproofness and ability to float do not let light through.

Question 3

The diagram below shows a crayfish in an aquarium tank. What else must be given to the crayfish so that it can survive?

Accepted Answer

B. food. The crayfish is already in a tank filled with water (water present) with an air stone supplying air bubbles (air present). The tank receives ambient light. The only basic need for survival not yet provided is food.

Question 4

The table below shows the characteristics of four animals, P, Q, R and S. Which animal, P, Q, R or S, correctly shows what the grasshopper and the ostrich could be?

Accepted Answer

C. Grasshopper: R, Ostrich: P. A grasshopper has 6 legs, feelers (antennae) and wings → matches R (feelers ✓, wings ✓). An ostrich has 2 legs and wings but no feelers → matches P (2 legs ✓, wings ✓). Therefore grasshopper = R and ostrich = P.

Question 5

Which of the following statement(s) about flowering and non-flowering plants is/are true?
A  A non-flowering plant does not bear flowers.
B  A non-flowering plant can make its own food.
C  A flowering plant can bear fruits.

Accepted Answer

D. A, B and C. A is true: non-flowering plants by definition do not produce flowers. B is true: all plants (flowering and non-flowering) can make their own food via photosynthesis. C is true: flowering plants produce fruits that develop from their flowers. Therefore all three statements are correct.

Question 6

John wanted to swim with his friends. He needs a surfboard to help him swim. The table below shows the properties of four different materials, W, X, Y and Z. Which material is most suitable for making a surfboard?

Accepted Answer

A. material W. A surfboard must be (i) waterproof so it does not soak up water, and (ii) able to float so the rider stays above water. Transparency is not required. From the table: W is waterproof ✓ and able to float ✓ — the only material that satisfies both essential properties. X floats? — no (only waterproof + transparent). Y is only waterproof. Z is transparent + able to float but NOT waterproof, so it would absorb water.

Question 7

The diagram shows the life cycle of a plant. What is the stage marked X?

Accepted Answer

C. adult plant. The cycle shown is seed → young plant (sprouted seedling) → adult plant with fruit. The stage labelled X is the fully grown plant bearing fruit, i.e. the adult plant stage.

Question 8

Study the flower below. Based on the diagram above, which characteristic is shown by the flower during the day and at night?

Accepted Answer

D. The flower responds to changes.. During the day (under the sun) the flower is shown open and upright; at night (under the moon) the same flower is shown drooping/closed. The flower's petal position changes in response to the change in light/time of day, demonstrating the characteristic of responding to changes (stimuli) in its surroundings.

Question 9

Look at the diagrams shown below carefully. Which of the following statements about the two living things, X and Y, are true?
A  They reproduce by spores.
B  They can make their own food.
C  They can move freely by themselves.
D  They get nutrients from the things they live on.

Accepted Answer

B. A and D only. X (mushroom) and Y (bracket/cup fungi on a log) are both fungi. Fungi reproduce by spores (A ✓) and absorb nutrients from the dead/living things they live on (D ✓). Fungi do not make their own food — they have no chlorophyll (B ✗) — and they are anchored, unable to move freely by themselves (C ✗). Therefore only A and D are true.

Question 10

The diagrams below show four different things. Which of the following does not show the correct headings for group P and Q?

Accepted Answer

C. Group P: can make sound / Group Q: cannot make sound. Group P (tiger, elephant) are living things and Group Q (alarm clock, sofa) are non-living things. The alarm clock in Group Q CAN make sound, so the heading 'cannot make sound' is wrong for Group Q. The other three pairs correctly distinguish living from non-living things.

Question 11

The diagram below shows a picture of a bicycle. What materials are parts labelled A and B most likely made of?

Accepted Answer

D. A: metal / B: rubber. Label A points to the handlebar frame, which is typically made of metal because it must be strong and rigid to steer. Label B points to the tyre, which is made of rubber because rubber is flexible, waterproof and provides grip on the road.

Question 12

The diagram below shows the life cycle of a mosquito. Jenny wanted to prevent mosquitoes from breeding, so she sprayed oil onto the possible breeding grounds to reduce the number of mosquitoes. In which of the following stages of the life cycle of the mosquito, A to D, would spraying oil onto the breeding grounds reduce the number of mosquitoes?

Accepted Answer

A. A and C. Spraying oil on the water surface affects the stages that live on or breathe at the water surface. A (eggs floating on the water) and C (pupae, which come up to the water surface to breathe) are killed by the oil film. B (larvae, which also need surface air to breathe) is similarly affected, so the school's mark scheme accepts both option (1) A and C and option (2) B and C as correct. D (the flying adult) is not affected because it has already left the water.

Question 13

The diagrams below show the life cycles of a grasshopper and a plant. Mandy observed the above life cycles and made four statements. Which of the statements are correct?
A  Both the grasshopper and the plant grow.
B  Both the life cycles must start with an egg stage.
C  Both the grasshopper and the plant have three life cycles each.
D  Both the young of the grasshopper and the young of the plant look like the adults.

Accepted Answer

B. A and D. A is true — both organisms grow as part of their life cycles. B is false — a plant life cycle starts with a seed, not an egg. C is false — each organism has one life cycle, not three. D is true — a young grasshopper (nymph) looks like a smaller version of the adult grasshopper, and a young plant looks like a smaller version of the adult plant (no dramatic body change). Therefore A and D are correct.

Question 14

Faizal conducted an experiment using four rulers made of different materials, E, F, G and H. He fixed one end of each ruler to a table and hung a weight on the other end. He then measured the distance d bent by each ruler and recorded his results in a graph shown below. Based on the results in the graph above, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

C. Ruler F is more flexible than ruler E.. From the bar graph: E = 4 cm, F = 8 cm, G = 2 cm, H = 9 cm. The greater the distance bent, the more flexible the material. A wrong: H (9 cm) is the most flexible, not E. B wrong: G (2 cm) bends the least, so G is the least flexible. C correct: F (8 cm) bends more than E (4 cm), so F is more flexible than E. D wrong: E (4 cm) − G (2 cm) = 2 cm, not 3 cm.

P3 Science CA1 2023 — Nan Hua

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