Question 1

Study the diagram below.
Jack saw a plant growing on a tree. He found spore bags on the underside of its leaves.
Based on the diagram, which of the following represents this plant?
(1) E
(2) F
(3) G
(4) H

Accepted Answer

(3) G. The plant described grows on a tree, indicating it is a land plant. The presence of spore bags on the underside of its leaves means it reproduces by spores and is therefore a non-flowering plant. Following the diagram: Plants → Non-flowering plants → Land plants, which corresponds to G.

Question 2

The diagram below shows a water plant
Study the diagram below.
Which of the following represents the water plant?
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D

Accepted Answer

(2) B. The image at the top shows a water plant (like a water lily) that floats on water and has a stem. Following the flowchart: 'Grows on land?' (No) → 'Floats on water?' (Yes) → B. Therefore, B represents the water plant.

Question 3

The table below shows the characteristics of animals P and Q.
A lick (✔) shows the presence of the characteristic.
Which of the following best represents animals P and Q?
(1) reptile	amphibian
(2) reptile	mammal
(3) amphibian	reptile
(4) amphibian	mammal

Accepted Answer

(2) P: reptile, Q: mammal. Animal P has dry scaly skin, a characteristic of reptiles. Animal Q's females produce milk for young, which is a defining characteristic of mammals. Although Q can live both on land and in water, the milk production solidifies its classification as a mammal. Therefore, P is a reptile and Q is a mammal.

Question 4

The animals below are grouped according to one common characteristic.
Based on the diagram above, which animal does not belong to the group?
(1) animal W
(2) animal X
(3) animal Y
(4) animal Z

Accepted Answer

(1) animal W. Animal X (penguin) and Animal Z (sparrow-like bird) are birds. Animal Y (snake) is a reptile. Both birds and reptiles lay eggs. Animal W (bat) is a mammal, which gives birth to live young and feeds its young with milk. Therefore, Animal W does not share the characteristic of laying eggs with the other three animals, making it the one that does not belong to the group.

Question 5

Study the diagram below.
Which animal groups correctly represents A, B and C?
A	B	C
(1) amphibian	fish	bird
(2) mammal	insect	fish
(3) fish	amphibian	bird
(4) insect	mammal	fish

Accepted Answer

(2) A: mammal, B: insect, C: fish. Following the classification key for option (2):
- A: Mammal. Path to A is 'Does it have hair? (Yes)' and 'Does it lay eggs? (Yes)'. This describes egg-laying mammals (monotremes).
- B: Insect. Path to B can be 'Does it have hair? (No)' and 'Does it have 6 legs? (Yes)'. This accurately describes insects.
- C: Fish. Path to C is 'Does it have hair? (No)' and 'Does it have 6 legs? (No)'. This is true for fish (and also birds, amphibians, reptiles). Despite the diagram having a contradictory path for B, this option provides the most plausible fit for a common classification, using the most distinguishing characteristics.

Question 6

Which statement about bacteria is not correct?
(1) Some bacteria are harmful.
(2) Bacteria come in different shapes.
(3) Bacteria feed only on dead living things.
(4) Bacteria cannot be seen with the naked eyes.

Accepted Answer

(3) Bacteria feed only on dead living things.. Bacteria exhibit diverse nutritional modes. While some bacteria are decomposers that feed on dead organic matter, others are parasites (feeding on living hosts), some are autotrophs (making their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis), and some are mutualists. Therefore, the statement that bacteria feed *only* on dead living things is incorrect.

Question 7

The diagram below shows two living things.
How are X and Y similar?
A Both reproduce by spores.
B Both are non-flowering plants.
C Both can make their own food.
D Both need air, food and water to survive.
(1) A and D only
(2) B and C only
(3) A, B and D only
(4) A, B, C and D

Accepted Answer

(1) A and D only. X is a mushroom (a fungus) and Y is a fern (a non-flowering plant).
- A: Both mushrooms and ferns reproduce by spores. (True)
- B: Mushrooms are fungi, not plants. Ferns are non-flowering plants. So, 'Both are non-flowering plants' is false.
- C: Mushrooms are heterotrophs and cannot make their own food. Ferns (plants) are autotrophs and can make their own food. So, 'Both can make their own food' is false.
- D: All living things, including fungi and plants, need air, food, and water to survive. (True)
Therefore, only statements A and D are correct.

Question 8

The diagram below shows a boy using a swimming board.
Which material and its given property should be considered to make the swimming board?
Material	Property
(1) A	It is flexible.
(2) B	It is absorbent.
(3) C	It is able to float.
(4) D	It allows light to pass through.

Accepted Answer

(3) C: It is able to float.. A swimming board is designed to help a person stay afloat in water. Therefore, the most essential property for the material of a swimming board is that it must be able to float. Other properties like flexibility, absorbency (which would make it sink), or transparency are not crucial for its primary function.

Question 9

Study the table below.
Which material, A, B, C or D, is most suitable to make part X of an umbrella?

Accepted Answer

(4) D. Part X of an umbrella is the canopy, which needs to be waterproof to keep rain out and flexible to allow the umbrella to open and close. Material D is the only option that is both waterproof (Yes) and flexible (Yes). Materials A and B are not waterproof. Material C is waterproof but not flexible, which would make the umbrella difficult to use.

Question 10

Jacinta wanted to find out which bag, A or B, is more suitable for carrying canned food from the supermarket without tearing.
What should she do to find out which bag is more suitable?
(1) Put both bags in water.
(2) Bend both bags slowly.
(3) Shine a light at the bags.
(4) Put canned food into both bags.

Accepted Answer

(4) Put canned food into both bags.. The objective is to determine which bag is more suitable for carrying canned food without tearing. The most direct and relevant test is to simulate the intended use by placing canned food into both bags to observe their strength and resistance to tearing under the actual load. The other options test irrelevant properties for this specific problem.

P3 Science CA1 2023 — Catholic High

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