🔬✨

Prime Numbers: The Atoms of Math

Everything around you is built from tiny pieces called atoms. In maths, numbers have their own building blocks too — and they are called prime numbers!

In this Spark you will learn what makes a number prime, play a number-hunting game, and even build numbers from their maths-atoms. Ready? Tap Next to begin! 👉

First, what is a factor?

A factor is a number that divides another number exactly, with nothing left over.

6 can be split into equal groups like this:

2 rows of 3 — a neat rectangle! So 2 and 3 are factors of 6. Its factors are 1, 2, 3 and 6.

💡 Every number can be split into 1 row of itself. The interesting question is: can it ALSO make other rectangles?

Can it make a rectangle? 🧱

Tap a number to see how its dots can be arranged. Watch which ones make a fat rectangle and which can only make a single line.

A number that can ONLY make a single line (just 1 row) is special — it is a prime! 👀

The big rule 📏

Prime = exactly 2 factors: 1 and itself. (Only a single-row rectangle.)

Composite = more than 2 factors. (It can make a fat rectangle.)

Your turn! Is this number prime or composite? Decide for each one.

Prime Hunt 🔎

Tap every prime number from 2 to 25. Tap carefully — a composite number will give you a hint! Find all 9 to win.

Build a number from atoms ⚛️

This is why primes are the atoms of math: every other number is just primes multiplied together!

Tap prime atoms to multiply them. Can you build the target 12?

tap atoms below…

Product: 1  → target 12

Sort the numbers 🗂️

For each number, tap Prime or Composite. Sort them all to finish!

🏅🎉

You cracked the code of primes!

⭐ A prime number has exactly two factors: 1 and itself.

⭐ A composite number has more — it can make a fat rectangle.

⭐ The number 1 is special — it is neither prime nor composite.

2 is the only even prime!

⭐ Every number is built by multiplying primes together — that is why they are the atoms of math. ⚛️

First few primes to remember: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13…

🚀 Challenge for later: can you find a prime bigger than 100? (Try 101!) Great work today, mathematician! 💙