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How Our Eyes See Colour

Red apples, blue skies, green grass… 🌈

Have you ever wondered how your eyes know that a strawberry is red and the sea is blue?

It is a teamwork story between light, objects, and your amazing eyes and brain.

Tap Next to begin the adventure ✨

Colour starts with light

In a totally dark room, you cannot see any colour. Why? Because seeing needs light.

Light shines from the Sun or a lamp, bounces off an object, and travels into your eyes.

1. light shines 2. bounces off 3. into eye
💡 No light = no colour. Close your eyes — everything goes dark, just like a room with the lights off!

White light is sneaky

Sunlight looks plain white, but it is really all the rainbow colours mixed together!

A glass prism (or a raindrop) can split white light apart so we can see them.

👇 tap the button to shine the light

Objects pick a colour to bounce

When white light hits a red apple, the apple soaks up (absorbs) most colours… but it bounces back the red. That red light reaches your eyes, so the apple looks red! 🍎

white light red bounces out other colours soaked up

Quick think: Grass looks green. Which colour does grass bounce back to your eyes?

Your eye has tiny colour catchers

At the back of your eye is a screen called the retina. It is covered with millions of tiny light-catchers. Tap each one to learn its job!

retina (the screen)
🌈 Cones — tap to reveal
Cones work in bright light and let you see colour. You have three kinds!
🌙 Rods — tap to reveal
Rods work in dim light. They help you see shapes at night, but only in greys.
🧠 Brain — tap to reveal
Your eye sends signals to your brain, which decides "that's red!" in a blink.

Red, Green & Blue teamwork

Your cones come in three kinds: one loves red light, one loves green light, one loves blue light. By mixing how much each one is tickled, you can see every colour!

🎯 Challenge: make YELLOW

Red
off
Green
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Blue
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✨ Mixing light is different from mixing paint. Red light + green light = yellow light, and all three together make white!

Why colours fade at night

At night there is very little light, so your colourful cones can't work well. Only your rods stay awake — and they see in grey.

🤔 Why does a red ball look grey in the dark? Tap to find out
There isn't enough light for the cones to catch the red. So your rods take over — and they only see light and dark, not colour. That's why everything looks greyish at night!

🌟 Try it tonight: look at a colourful toy in a dim room. The colours look washed out — your rods are doing the seeing!

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You're a Colour Scientist!

Here's what your eyes taught you:

Well done, explorer! 🎉 Next time you see a rainbow, you'll know the secret. 🌈