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From Sand to Glass!

Look at a clear glass window or a drinking cup. Would you believe it started as a pile of plain sand — just like the sand at the beach?

🤔 It sounds like magic, but it's really science. In this lesson you'll heat sand, melt it, shape it, and cool it — step by step — to make glass!

Tap Next to start the adventure. 👉

Glass has a recipe 🍳

Just like baking a cake, making glass needs a few ingredients. Tap each card to find out what it does.

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Sand
The main ingredient! Special sand is full of silica, which turns into glass when it gets super hot.
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Soda Ash
A powder that helps the sand melt at a lower temperature — so we use less energy.
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Limestone
Makes the finished glass strong and tough so it doesn't fall apart in water.

Into the fiery furnace 🔥

Sand is hard and doesn't melt easily. We must heat it in a furnace that is much hotter than your oven at home — over 1700°C!

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25 °C

Drag the slider to turn up the heat! 🔥

Melted into glowing goo 🍯

When the sand melts, it turns into a thick, glowing-orange liquid called molten glass. It's soft and bendy — a bit like very hot honey.

soft & glowing ~1700°C
💡 Because it's soft, workers can now shape it into almost anything — bottles, windows, cups or marbles!

Now we shape it! ✨

While the glass is soft, there are clever ways to give it a shape. Tap a method to see what it makes.

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Blowing
A worker blows air through a tube to puff the glass like a balloon — perfect for bottles & vases.
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Floating
The glass floats on liquid metal so it spreads out flat and smooth — perfect for windows.
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Pressing
Glass is pressed into a mould, like jelly in a cup — perfect for cups & jars.

Cool it down — slowly! 🧊

Hot glass must be cooled very slowly in a special oven. If it cools too fast, it cracks and breaks — like an ice cube dropped into hot soup!

🔥 🌡️ ❄️ slow & steady = strong glass
🦺 This careful cooling step is called annealing. It makes the glass strong instead of fragile.

You're the glass maker! 🏭

Show what you've learned. Tap the steps in the correct order, from first to last.

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You're a Glass Expert!

Here's the whole journey from beach to bottle:

🌟 Next time you sip from a glass, remember — it began as a handful of sand! Great work, scientist.